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1、TheNobelAssemblyatKarolinskaInstitutethastodaydecidedtoawardthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithonehalfjointlytoWilliamC.CampbellandSatoshiōmurafortheirdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltherapyagainstinfectionscausedbyroundwormparasitesandtheotherhalftoYouyouTuforherdiscoveriesconcerninga
2、noveltherapyagainstMalariaDiseasescausedbyparasiteshaveplaguedhumankindformillenniaandconstituteamajorglobalhealthproblem.Inparticular,parasiticdiseasesaffecttheworld’spoorestpopulationsandrepresentahugebarriertoimprovinghumanhealthandwellbeing.Thisyear’sNobelLaureateshavedevelopedtherapi
3、esthathaverevolutionizedthetreatmentofsomeofthemostdevastatingparasiticdiseases.WilliamC.CampbellandSatoshiōmuradiscoveredanewdrug,Avermectin,thederivativesofwhichhaveradicallyloweredtheincidenceofRiverBlindnessandLymphaticFilariasis,aswellasshowingefficacyagainstanexpandingnumberofotherp
4、arasiticdiseases.YouyouTudiscoveredArtemisinin,adrugthathassignificantlyreducedthemortalityratesforpatientssufferingfromMalaria.Thesetwodiscoverieshaveprovidedhumankindwithpowerfulnewmeanstocombatthesedebilitatingdiseasesthataffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.Theconsequencesintermso
5、fimprovedhumanhealthandreducedsufferingareimmeasurable.Figure1:The2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineawardsdiscoveriesregardingnoveltherapiesforsomeofthemostdevastatingparasiticdiseases:RiverBlindness,LymphaticFilariasis(Elephantiasis)andMalaria.Thedistributionofthesediseasesisquitesimil
6、arandiscollectivelyshowninblueontheworldmap.ParasitescausedevastatingdiseasesWeliveinabiologicallycomplexworld,whichispopulatednotonlybyhumansandotherlargeanimals,butalsobyaplethoraofotherorganisms,someofwhichareharmfulordeadlytous.Avarietyofparasitescausedisease.Amedicallyimportantgroupa
7、retheparasiticworms(helminths),whichareestimatedtoafflictonethirdoftheworld’spopulationandareparticularlyprevalentinsub-SaharanAfrica,SouthAsiaandCentralandSouthAmerica.RiverBlindnessandLymphaticFilariasisaretwodiseasescausedbyparasiticworms.Asthenameimplies,RiverBl
