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1、Lessonone1.Virtueis,indeedmustbe,self-centered.(para4)正確的行動是，確實也必須是以自我為中心的。Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.2.Theessentialsarefamiliar:thepovertyofthepoorwasthefaultofthepoor.Anditwasbecauseitwasproductoftheirexcessivefecundity…..(para5)他的
2、基本觀點為人熟知：窮人的貧窮是他們咎由自取，貧窮是熱門過度生育的結(jié)果Thepovertyofthepoorwascausedbytheirhavingtoomanychildren.3.Povertybeingcausedinthebedmeantthattherichwerenotresponsibleforeitheritscreationoritsamelioration.(para6)貧窮源于過度生育意味著富人不應該為產(chǎn)生貧窮和解決貧窮承擔責任Therichwerenottoblamefortheexist
3、enceofpovertysotheyshouldnotbeaskedtoundertakethetaskofsolvingtheproblem.4.ItismerelytheworkingoutofalawofnatureandalawofGod(para8)這是自然規(guī)律和上帝的意志在起作用。Itisonlytheresultoreffectofthelawofthesurvivalofthefittestappliedtonatureortohumansociety.5.Itdeclinedinpopulari
4、ty,andreferencetoitacquiredacondemnatorytone.(para9)然而在20世紀，人們認為社會學中的達爾文進化論有點過于殘酷，遭到了普遍的質(zhì)疑，人們提及它都帶有譴責的口吻。PeoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismbecauseitseemedtoglorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,loveandfriendship.Therefore,whenitwasmentioned,itwa
5、susuallythetargetofcriticism.6.Inrecentyears,however,ithasbecomeclearthatthesearchforawayofgettingthepooroffourconsciencewasnotatanend;itwasonlysuspended.(para11)然而，最近幾年，很顯然我們又在試圖尋求不為窮人的存在而內(nèi)疚的辦法．這種嘗試并沒有結(jié)束，而只是曾經(jīng)中斷過一段時間。Thedesiretofindawaytojustifytheunconcernfo
6、rthepoorhadnotbeenabandoned;ithadonlybeenputoff.7.Infact,wehaveintheUnitedStatesanextraordinarilygoodpublicserviceonemadeupoftalentedanddedicatedpeoplewhoareoverwhelminglyhonestandonlyrarelygiventooverpayingformonkeywrenches,flashlights,coffeemakers,andtoilets
7、eats(para13)實際上，美國有非常優(yōu)秀的公共服務(wù)隊伍一支由富有才于和敬業(yè)精神的人組成的隊伍，他們非常誠實，以致像出高價購實活動扳手、手電筒、咖啡壺以及馬桶坐圈以獲取回扣的情況及為罕見Governmentofficials,onthewhole,aregood;itisveryrarethatsomewouldpayhighpricesforofficeequipmenttogetkickbacks.1.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.(
8、para15)這種說法也許是我們最有影響的一個虛構(gòu)故事。Itisaverypopularstoryandhasbeenacceptedbymanybutitisnottrue.2.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth---butevenmoreofconvenience.(para16)信念可以是真理的仆人，但更多的情況下只是一時之需。B
