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1、第22卷第11期化學(xué)進(jìn)展Vol.22No.112010年11月PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYNov.,2010*過(guò)渡金屬N-雜環(huán)卡賓配合物合成劉波張娜陳萬(wàn)芝(浙江大學(xué)化學(xué)系杭州310028)摘要由于N-雜環(huán)卡賓配體(NHCs)的獨(dú)特性能,N-雜環(huán)卡賓過(guò)渡金屬配合物在均相催化等方面取得了重要應(yīng)用,但是其合成方法卻發(fā)展緩慢。本文綜述了N-雜環(huán)卡賓過(guò)渡金屬配合物合成方法的最新研究進(jìn)展,介紹了富電子烯烴裂解反應(yīng)、游離NHC直接配位反應(yīng)、配體底物的脫質(zhì)子原位反應(yīng)、卡賓加合物熱解反應(yīng)、金屬交換轉(zhuǎn)移反應(yīng)和C2-X(X為甲基、鹵原子或氫原
2、子)鍵氧化加成反應(yīng)等合成N-雜環(huán)卡賓過(guò)渡金屬配合物的主要方法,此外本課題組還首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了金屬粉末法,該法可用于規(guī)模化合成鐵、鈷、鎳、銅等第一過(guò)渡系金屬NHC配合物。關(guān)鍵詞咪唑鹽N-雜環(huán)卡賓過(guò)渡金屬合成中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):O621.3;O626.23;O641.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1005-281X(2010)11-2134-13SynthesisofMetalN-HeterocyclicCarbeneComplexesLiuBoZhangNaChenWanzhi(DepartmentofChemistry,ZhejiangUniver
3、sity,Hangzhou310028,China)AbstractN-heterocycliccarbeneligands(NHCs)areplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinmanyareassuchasorganometallic,organicsynthetic,pharmaceuticalandpolymerchemistry.WhilenumerouspowerfulcatalyticsystemsincorporatingNHCligandshavebeendescribed,meth
4、odsofsynthesizingthemhaveadvancedmoreslowly.ThisreviewdescribestherecentprogressofthemethodsusedinthepreparationofN-heterocycliccarbenecomplexes.AccordingtothenatureoftheNHCprecursorandtotheactivationmethodemployed,thecommonroutesforpreparingNHC-metalcomplexesareinserti
5、onofmetalionsintothecarbon-carbondoublebondsofhighlyelectron-richalkenes,coordinationofpreformed,isolatedfreecarbenes,deprotonationofanImidazoliumsaltwithanexternalbaseorwithmetalcomplexhavingabasicligand,thermaldecompositionofcorrespondingcarbeneadducts,transmetallatio
6、nfromasilver-NHCcomplexorfromagold-NHCcomplex,oxidativeadditionoftheC2-X(X=Me,halogen,H)bondofanimidazoliumprecursor.Inaddition,ourresearchgroupfirstlyfoundthatiron,cobalt,nickel,andcoppercomplexesofN-heterocycliccarbenescanbedirectlysynthesizedbyusingcommerciallyavaila
7、blemetalpowders.Keywordsimidazoliumsalts;N-heterocycliccarbenes(NHCs);transitionmetals;synthesis3SynthesisofN-heterocycliccarbenecomplexesfromContentspreformedandisolatedfreecarbenes1Introduction4SynthesisofN-heterocycliccarbenecomplexesby2SynthesisofN-heterocycliccarbe
8、necomplexesbydeprotonationofanimidazoliumsaltwithabasethecleavageofelectron-richolefins4.1Deprotonationwithane