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1、第28卷第6期中國環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)V0lJ28NO.62012年12月EnvironmentalMonitoringinChinaDec.2O12北京市水環(huán)境非點(diǎn)源污染監(jiān)測(cè)與負(fù)荷估算研究荊紅衛(wèi),華蕾,郭婧,金蕾,趙冬泉,王浩正,劉瑞民1.北京市環(huán)境保護(hù)監(jiān)測(cè)中心,北京1000482.清華環(huán)境規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院,北京1000843.北京師范大學(xué),北京100091摘要:文章對(duì)北京全市域范圍開展水環(huán)境非點(diǎn)源污染監(jiān)測(cè)以及污染負(fù)荷估算研究。監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果表明,天然降雨氨氮、總氮污染程度高;城區(qū)典型下墊面降雨徑流的有機(jī)污染十分嚴(yán)重,其中屋面降雨徑流總氮和氨氮污染最嚴(yán)重,路面降雨徑流
2、COD和總磷污染最嚴(yán)重;下墊面降雨徑流匯入城市排水管網(wǎng)后,由于沖洗下水道中的沉積物,使得水質(zhì)污染進(jìn)一步惡化。農(nóng)業(yè)典型小流域面源污染對(duì)水質(zhì)影響也很明顯。城市非點(diǎn)源污染負(fù)荷估算選用SWMM暴雨徑流模型,農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染負(fù)荷模型選用改進(jìn)的輸出系數(shù)模型,估算結(jié)果表明:城市非點(diǎn)源污染主要來自大氣濕沉降、綜合用地、路面和屋面等,農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染主要來自耕地和林地;全市污染物排放總量中,點(diǎn)源排放總量與非點(diǎn)源排放總量基本各占50%左右。為進(jìn)一步挖掘污染減排空間,完善總量減排體系提供了依據(jù)。關(guān)鍵詞:地表水;非點(diǎn)源;監(jiān)測(cè);污染負(fù)荷;估算模型中圖分類號(hào):X832文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
3、文章編號(hào):1002-6002f2012)06~106-06Non—PointSourcePollutionMonitoringanditsLoadsEstimationStudyonSurfaceWaterEnvironmentinBeijingJINGHong—wei,HUALei,GUOJing,JINLei,ZHAODong-quan,WANGHao.zheng,LIURui—min1.BeijingEnvironmentalMonitoringCentre,Beijing100048,China2.BeijingTsinghuaUrbanPl
4、anning&DesignInstitute,Beijing100084,China3.BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100091,ChinaAbstract:Non—pointsourcepollutionofsurfacewaterenvironmentinBeijingwasmonitoredanditsloadsestimationwasstudied.Monitoringresults:naturalrainfallwaspollutedonNH3-NandTN;organicpollutionofstorm
5、runoffwasveryseriousinurbantypicalunderlyingsurface:TNandNH3一Nwasmostseriousinroofrunof;CODandTPweremostseriousinroadrunoff.RunofofunderlyingsurfacecausesharperflushondepositSOthatitswaterqualitywasmorepollutedwhenitentersewerpipesystem.Non—pointsourcepollutionwasalsoseriousina
6、gricuhuraltypicalriverbasin.Forpollutionloadsestimation,SWMMstormrunofmodelwasusedforurbannon—pointsource;improvedexpoacoeficientmodelwasusedforagriculturenon-pointsource.Estimateresults:urbanrunofmainlycomesfromwetdeposition,runofofroofandroad;agriculturalrunofmainlycomesfromf
7、arminglandandforestland.ThedischargeamountinBeijing,eitherpointsourceornon—pointsourceisalmost50%.Itprovidedscientificbasisforreductionofdischargeamount.Keywords:surfacewater;non—pointsource;monitoring;pollutionloads;estimationmodel據(jù)美國、日本的研究:即使點(diǎn)源污染得到全面區(qū)密云水庫的非點(diǎn)源污染研究等,在較大流域范控制后,江
8、河的水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率僅為65%,湖泊的水圍或者一個(gè)行政區(qū)域的推廣和應(yīng)用研究還較質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率僅為42%,美國地表水環(huán)境非