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1、軟件質(zhì)量保證王青中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,ChineseAcademyofSciencesTheQualityofsoftwarehasimprovedsignificantlyoverpast15years.Onereasonforthisisthatcompanieshaveadoptednewtechniquesandtechnologysuchastheuseofobject-orienteddevelopmentandassociatedCASEsupport.Inaddition,however,therehasbeenag
2、reaterawarenessoftheimportanceofsoftwarequalitymanagementandtheadoptionofqualitymanagementtechniquesfrommanufacturinginthesoftwareindustry.*LanSommerville,SoftwareEngineering7thedition中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,ChineseAcademyofSciences提綱`質(zhì)量管理的目標(biāo)`質(zhì)量管理的主要活動`質(zhì)量管理過程中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,Chi
3、neseAcademyofSciences質(zhì)量管理的目標(biāo)`ProcessandProductQualityAssurance-PPQA?提供一個獨(dú)立檢查過程?客觀地檢查項目是否按照計劃和過程執(zhí)行?做管理者的“眼睛”和“耳朵”中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,ChineseAcademyofSciences軟件質(zhì)量管理的特點(diǎn)`軟件質(zhì)量是一個相對復(fù)雜的概念`制造業(yè)：(Crosby,1979)?Thenotionofqualityhasbeenthatthedevelopedproductshouldmeetitsspecification`軟件的問題：?有些需求可以沒
4、有包括在需求說明書中?很難用完全無歧義的方法闡明某些特殊的質(zhì)量特征?軟件維護(hù)能力?難以完整地覆蓋需求?盡管軟件完全實(shí)現(xiàn)了需求說明中的需求?依然可以不是高質(zhì)量的軟件?沒有滿足用戶的期望中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,ChineseAcademyofSciences質(zhì)量管理與軟件開發(fā)Qualityreviewandaudit質(zhì)量管理過程StandardsandQualityProceduresPlanP1P2P3P4P5軟件開發(fā)過程中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,ChineseAcademyofSciences支持項目計劃`QAmustb
5、einvolvedatthebeginningofaproject`Establishesafoundationforagoodworkingrelationshipwiththeotherprojectteammembers`QAmayprovidespecificskills,e.g.,Delphifacilitationservices`QAtasks?Ensureapplicableorganizationalstandardprocessesareincorporatedintotheproject?Assistintailoringstandardprocessestomeet
6、thespecificneedsoftheproject?Reviewplanningdocumentsforadequacyandcompleteness中國科學(xué)院軟件研究所InstituteofSoftware,ChineseAcademyofSciences質(zhì)量管理計劃`QAplanningmustbeginatthestartoftheproject`TheQAPlan(QAP)issubordinatetotheSoftwareProjectPlanandshouldbepreparedinaccordancewithprojectplanningrequirements?QAW
7、BSelements,majorQAscheduleevents,andQAestimatesmustbeincludedintheSPP?AnytailoringofthestandardQAprocessmustbedocumentedintheQAP`Onceapproved,theQAPshouldbeputunderversioncontrol`GuidanceforcompletingtheQAPisprov
