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1、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文馬鈴薯M型壟鋪膜種植模式及起壟機(jī)具研究姓名:張華卿申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化工程指導(dǎo)教師:張東興20070501摘要針對(duì)二作區(qū)馬鈴薯傳統(tǒng)的起圓弧形壟覆膜種植模式因在幼苗剛剛出土?xí)r不能及時(shí)破膜放苗造成燒苗的問題,提出幾種解決該問題的可選播種模式,通過理論分析和田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,選出一種較優(yōu)的模式,即M型壟模式,M型壟因其剖面與英文字母M相似而得名。M型壟種植模式不僅能夠解決燒苗問題,還有利于馬鈴薯的增產(chǎn),具有實(shí)用和推廣意義。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一套M型壟起壟機(jī)具,起壟機(jī)具主要包括覆土裝置、起壟裝置和整形裝置三大部分。其中覆士裝置采用刮板式,刮板的尺寸根據(jù)開溝器翻出土壤的多少
2、及土壤休止角來確定;起壟裝置為起壟圓盤和起壟擋板的組合,起肇圓盤的直徑根據(jù)所起壟的高度來確定,同時(shí)對(duì)圓盤的起土導(dǎo)土條件、翻土能力、翻土與起壟的關(guān)系等進(jìn)行了分析,起壟擋板的尺寸大于圓盤;整形裝置按照所起M型壟的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸來設(shè)計(jì)。另對(duì)于機(jī)架、軸、懸掛機(jī)構(gòu)和地輪等等都分別進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和說明。試驗(yàn)表明,該起壟機(jī)具能夠滿足起M型壟的要求,所起壟型平整規(guī)則。機(jī)具簡(jiǎn)單,適用性好。關(guān)鍵詞:馬鈴薯播種,燒苗,M型攀種植模式,起壟機(jī)具AbstractArctyperidgecoveredwithplasticfilmisusuallyadoptedforpotatoplantinginthetwocropsaye
3、ararea,thistypeneedstobreakthefilm011topoftheseedlingstoreleasetheseedlingwhensprouting.Ifthisoper砒i0Ilisnotdoneintime,thesmallseedlingswillbeburntt0deathbecauseofthehightemperatureundertheplasticfilm.Inordertosolvetheproblemofseedlingburnt,sonicnewplantingpatternsareputforward,viathetheoriesanaly
4、sisandthefieldexperimenLakindofrelativelymoreexcellentplantingpattemisselected,whichisMtyperidgepattom,Mtyperidgcpatternnotonlycansolvetheproblemofseedlingbumt,butalsocanboostthepotatoyield,itisapracticalpatternandbeworthyofextension.AkindofmachineisdesignedtoformMtyperidge,whichmainlyincludethree
5、parts:soilcoveringdevice,ridgerisingdeviceandformingdevice.Amongthem,thesoilcoveringdeviceisaplank,whosesizeiscertainaccordingtothequantityofsoilminedfromtheditchandthesoilcaesuraangle.Ridgerisingdeviceiscombinationofadishandabaffle,thediameterofthedisciscertainaccedingtotheheightoftheridge,andthe
6、baffleisrequiredbiggerthanthedim.ForrmngdeviceisdesignedaccordingtothesizeofMtyperidge.Inaddition.themachineframe,shaft,hangmechanismandgroundwheeletc.a(chǎn)rerespectivelydesignedandillustrated.ThesamplemachineexperimentindicatedthatthismachineCallsatisfytheneedofridgerising,thesurfaceoftheridgeisneata
7、ndregular.Themachineissimpleandwellapplicable.Keywords-potatoplanting,seedlingbnrnt,Mtype村gcplantingpattern,ridgerisingmachine摘要針對(duì)二作區(qū)馬鈴薯傳統(tǒng)的起圓弧形壟覆膜種植模式因在幼苗剛剛出土?xí)r不能及時(shí)破膜放苗造成燒苗的問題,提出幾種解決該問題盼可選播種模式,通過理論分析和田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,選出一種較優(yōu)