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1、南昌大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文由磷肥副產(chǎn)氟硅酸制取冰晶石的過(guò)程研究姓名:王賀云申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):化學(xué)工程指導(dǎo)教師:劉曉紅20060501摘要本文介紹了一種由磷肥副產(chǎn)氟硅酸制取冰晶石的新工藝。用碳酸氫銨作為氨解劑,通過(guò)單因素試驗(yàn)、正交試驗(yàn)研究了氟硅酸初始濃度、配料比、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間等因素對(duì)生成的氟化銨濃度及白炭黑收率的影響,得到適宜的工藝條件;通過(guò)單因素分析法、正交實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了反應(yīng)溶液的PH值、配料比、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、加料速度等對(duì)白炭黑的比表面積、吸油值的影響,并得到制取優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)白炭黑的最佳工藝條件;通過(guò)對(duì)反應(yīng)速度影響因素的探討,確定第一步反應(yīng)是受化學(xué)反應(yīng)控制,推導(dǎo)
2、出其動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。第二步用得到的氟化銨溶液與硫酸鈉和硫酸鋁反應(yīng)制得冰晶石。試驗(yàn)研究了氟化銨濃度、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間等因素對(duì)冰晶石中氟、鋁含量的影響,通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn)得到制取高收率冰晶石的適宜工藝條件;同時(shí)本文還探討了加晶種、反應(yīng)1料液PH值等對(duì)冰晶石結(jié)晶顆粒大小的影響,為合成易過(guò)濾、顆粒粗大冰晶石提供了一定的參考意見(jiàn);最后通過(guò)真空蒸發(fā)、過(guò)濾得到農(nóng)用品硫酸銨。并用掃描電鏡(SEM)、比表面積測(cè)試(BET)、X射線衍射儀等手段對(duì)產(chǎn)品的性能進(jìn)行了表征,分析測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,產(chǎn)品冰晶石等均符合國(guó)家有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。關(guān)鍵詞:冰晶石氟硅酸碳酸氫銨白炭黑動(dòng)力學(xué)、、1一AbstractThisart
3、icleintroducethenewcraftthatpreparedcryolitefromfluosilicicacid-a:by-productofaphosphatefertilizerfactory,ammoniumhydrocarbonateasammoniaagent.Throughthesinglefactorexperimentandtheorthogonalexperiment,somefactorssuchasinitialdensityofsilicofluoricacid,ingredientratio,reactiontemperatu
4、re,reactiontimeandSOoninfluencetheammoniumfluoridedensityandobtainthebestreactionconditionstogettheammoniumfluoridedensityandtheyieldofthecarbonwhite.throughthesinglefactoranalyticmethod,theorthogonalexperimenthaddeterminedtheresponsesolutionpHvalue,theingredientratio,thereactiontemper
5、ature,thereactiontime,fillingrateandSOontheinfluenceontheoilabsorptionandthespecificsurfaceareaofthecarbonwhite;andobtainedthebestcraftconditiontopreparethegoodqualityandhighoutputofthecarbonwhite.Moreover,todiscusstheinfluencetothereactionrate,determinedthefirststepofreactioniscontrol
6、ledbychemicalreactionandinfersitsdynamicsmodel.With,thesecondstep,cryoliteismanufacturedthroughthereactionoftheammoniumfluoridesolutionandthesodiumsulfateandthealuminumsulfate.Theexperimentstudythosefactorssuchasammoniumfluoridedensity,reactiontemperature,reactiontimeandSOontotheconten
7、tinfluencetothefluorineandthealuminuminthecryolite.Throughtheorthogonalexperiment,getthemostsuitablecraftconditionsaboutpreparationofthehighyield:ofthecryolite.Atthesametime,thisarticlehasalsodiscussedthestirringrate,fillingseedcrystalandthepHvalueofthereactionsolutionandSOontotheinf