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1、外文題目:Studentloansrepaymentandrecover:internationalcomparisons出處:HigherEducation作者:AdrianZiderman,HuaShen原文:Studentloansrepaymentandrecovery:internationalcomparisonsGovernment-sponsoredstudentloansschemesareinplaceinsome70countriesandregionsroundtheworld.Studentloansscheme
2、s,usuallyconcernedwithtertiaryeducation,areofparticularinteresttogovernmentsbecausetheseschemesareabletocontributetothesolutionofarangeofpressingpolicyproblemsthatgovernmentsface.Studentloansareabletorelievepressuresonnationalbudgetsbyfacilitatinggreatercostsharingthought
3、heraisingoftuitionandotheruniversityfees.Theybothenablestudentstoavoidtheburdenoftheup-frontpaymentofincreasedtuitionfees,aswellasenablingthemtodelayloanrepaymentuntiltheyareinreceiptofthehighersalariesthatgenerallyaccruetouniversitygraduates.Liberatedresourcescanbeusedin
4、areasofgreaterpriorityforsociety,bothoutsideandwithintheeducationsectorandnotablybasiceducation.Greatercostrecoverycanprovideadditionalfundsfortheexpansionoftheuniversitysystem,toaccommodateincreasesinthesocialdemandfortertiaryeducation.Targetedatthedisadvantaged,subsidiz
5、edloansschemesmayleadtogreateraccesstouniversityeducationforthepoorandminoritygroups,thuscontributingtosocialequity.Andloansofferedatfavorableconditionsforstudyinparticular?elds,canleadtoalooseningofskilledmanpowerbottlenecksthatinhibitsocial,economicandindustrialdevelopm
6、ent.Considerabledifferencesareevidentinloansschemesacrosscountries.Schemesdiffernotonlyintheunderlyingobjectivespursued,butalsoinsuchparametersasorganizationalstructure,sourcesofinitialfunding,studentcoverage,loansallocationproceduresandcollectionmethods.Howeverthereisone
7、elementthatiscommontoalmostallgovernment-sponsoredloansschemes:theyarehighlysubsidizedbygovernments.Thismeansthat,unlikecommercialloans,asizeableproportionofthetotalloansoutlaybytheloansbody,beitgovernmentdepartment,loansschemeauthorityorcommercialbank,willnotbereceivedba
8、ckinrepayment.Thisgapbetweentotalloandisbursementsandoverallloansrecoveryisaccountedforbytwoelem