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1、合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文采空老區(qū)地表變形及沉陷機(jī)理研究姓名:謝曉龍申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):巖土工程指導(dǎo)教師:汪明武20100316采空老區(qū)地表變形及沉陷機(jī)理研究摘要隨著土地資源日益緊缺,為了最大限度的利用采空區(qū),確保采空區(qū)上部重要交通工程和居民小區(qū)的安全,提出相應(yīng)的采空區(qū)地表變形和沉陷治理技術(shù),開展采空老區(qū)地表變形及沉陷機(jī)理研究具有重要的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。論文基于三維有限差分法,針對(duì)實(shí)際煤礦采空老區(qū)條件,構(gòu)建了數(shù)值分析模型,進(jìn)而數(shù)值探討了采空老區(qū)的地表變形基本特征及規(guī)律,以揭示采空老區(qū)上的地表變形規(guī)律和沉陷機(jī)理。數(shù)值模擬研究得出以下初步結(jié)論:1)在每層煤
2、層被開挖后,上覆巖土層傾向上部區(qū)域出現(xiàn)水平應(yīng)力較小,傾向下部則較大現(xiàn)象,隨著開挖的繼續(xù),應(yīng)力偏差逐漸變小。2)地表沉降和變形曲率變化沿走向方向較小,而沿傾向變化較大;下沉基本以最大沉降點(diǎn)為中心對(duì)稱分布。3)煤層開采后上覆巖體破壞主要沿走向方向發(fā)展,其中1捍層煤開采后上覆巖體垮落破壞,而其他煤層開采后上覆巖體則多發(fā)生斷裂現(xiàn)象。4)地表沉降數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與概率積分法、地表多年的礦區(qū)沉降實(shí)測(cè)值基本吻合。研究結(jié)論將有助于采空老區(qū)地表沉降控制,為老采空區(qū)地基處理技術(shù)提供了理論依據(jù)。關(guān)鍵詞:采空區(qū);沉陷機(jī)理;巖層移動(dòng);數(shù)值模擬;FLAC3D;概率積分法Ground
3、DeformationandSubsidenceMechanismofOldMiningAreaABSTRACTWiththedecreaseoflandresources,tomakethemostoftheoldminingareas,andensurethesafetyofimportanttrafficengineeringandresidentialbuildingsfoundontheminingareas,theresearchofsubsidencemechanismandsurfacedeformationofminingareas
4、isofimportantsocialeconomlcsignificanceIordevelopingasuitableandrationaltreatmenttechnology·Basedonthree.dimensionalfinitedifferencemethod,thenumericalmodellSdiscussedaccordingtotheactualconditionsofoldminingareas.Thedeformationfeaturesandlawofgroundsurfacewerefurtherinvestigat
5、edtorevealsubsidencemechanismofminingareas.Thepreliminaryconclusionsaredrawnasthefollowing:1、)Whenthecoalseamwasexcavatedonebyone,thesmallerstresswasobservedintheupperstrataareaalongthedipdirection,butthelargervalueinthebottomarea.Andthestressdeviationdecreasedwiththeexcavation
6、process·21Thegroundsubsidenceandcurvaturechangedslightlyalongthestratastrike,ontheotherhand,changedgreatlyalongthedipdirection.Thesubsidencedistributedsymmetricallyaroundthecenterofthemaxsettlementascenter.3)Damageofoverlyingrockmassmainlyoccurredatthedirectionofstrike-Theoverl
7、ayingrockmasseswerecollapsedaftertheCoal1wasmined,buttheoverlayingrockmasseswererupturedwhentheothercoalwasmined.41Thecomputedgroundsubsidencefromthenumericalsimulationwascoincidentwiththatfromtheprobabilityintegrationmethodandthemeasuredvalueofsurfacesubsidenceoveryears.Theser
8、esultswillcontributetothesurfacesubsidencecontrol,andp