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1、M.O.SteinhauserComputationalMultiscaleModelingofFluidsandSolidsTheoryandApplicationsWith141Figures14TablesMartinOliverSteinhauserFraunhoferErnst-Mach-InstituteforHigh-SpeedDynamics4Eckerstr.Freiburg79104Germanymartin.steinhauser@emi.fraunhofer.deLibraryofCongressContr
2、olNumber:2007936129ISBN-13978-3-540-75116-8SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specicallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduct
3、iononmicrolmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliableforprosecut
4、ionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMediaspringer.comcSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2008Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecicstatement,thatsuchnamesar
5、eexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Coverdesign:eStudioCalamarPrintedonacid-freepaperSPIN:11762652543210PrefaceThisvolumeprovidesanoverviewofsomeofthebasicsoftheunderlyingphysicaltheories,themathematicalconcepts,thenumerical
6、toolsandthemethodswithwhichthedynamicsofcondensedmatteristreatedonseverallengthandassociatedtimescales,withafocusonparticlebasedmethods.Thesemethodsformthebasisofaresearchareawhichisgenerallytermed“computationalmultiscalephysics”(CMP)or“computationalmaterialssci-ence”
7、(CMS),meaningthemodelingandsimulationofcondensedmatterinthe?uidorsolidstatewiththeaidofe?cientalgorithmsimplementedoncomputers.Thepresentedmethodsandtheoriesinthisbookrangefromtheatom-isticquantumscale(nanometers),themicroscopicscale(fromnano-tomi-crometers)andtheinte
8、rmediatemesoscopicscale(micrometers),tothescaleofmacroscopicstructures(centimetersandmeters).Theorderofchaptersroughlyfollow