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1、PLC在電梯控制中的應(yīng)用摘要隨著現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)和城市生活的發(fā)展,電梯成為人們?nèi)粘I畋夭豢缮俚拇焦ぞ?,電梯性能的好壞?duì)人們生活的影響越來(lái)越顯著。根據(jù)順序邏輯控制的需要發(fā)展起來(lái)的可編程控制器(PLC),它是專門為工業(yè)環(huán)境應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子裝置。PLC處理速度快,可靠性高,能夠保證電梯正常、安全、可靠地運(yùn)行。同時(shí),由于電機(jī)交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電梯的拖動(dòng)方式己由原來(lái)直流調(diào)速逐漸過(guò)渡到了變頻調(diào)速,不僅能滿足乘客的舒適感和保證平穩(wěn)的精度,還可以降低能耗,節(jié)約能源,減小運(yùn)行費(fèi)用。本文將基于PLC的變頻調(diào)速方法應(yīng)用到電梯系統(tǒng)中,并對(duì)此方
2、法進(jìn)行研究。首先,分別闡述了電梯繼電器控制和PLC控制的特點(diǎn),突出講述繼電器電梯控制系統(tǒng)暴露的缺點(diǎn)以及PLC電梯控制系統(tǒng)所具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn),并對(duì)電梯的變頻調(diào)速控制進(jìn)行了介紹。其次,對(duì)電梯技術(shù)和電梯設(shè)備的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了綜述。然后,介紹了變頻器類型以及參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)知識(shí);同時(shí)介紹了PLC選型原則以及PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思路;在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)電梯系統(tǒng)自身的工作狀態(tài)要求,進(jìn)行電梯系統(tǒng)的PLC軟件開發(fā),通過(guò)軟件開發(fā)的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合PLC自身的控制規(guī)律,設(shè)計(jì)出可實(shí)現(xiàn)一定功能的PLC電梯控制系統(tǒng)。關(guān)鍵詞:電梯,可編程控制器,變頻調(diào)速,旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器1TheAppli
3、cationOfPLCInTheElevatorControlABSTRACTAlongwiththedevelopmentofmoderneconomyandcitylife,theelevatorhasbecomeaessentialwalkingtoolforpeopleindailylife,andtheperformanceofelevatorsobviouslyinfluencespeople’slives.Theprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC),whichdevelopsbasedonse
4、quencelogicalcontrol,isdigitaloperationelectronicdevicespecializedintheindustrialapplicationenvironment.PLCpossessesfastprocessspeedandhighreliability.Therefore,PLCcanbeabletoensuretheelevatorrunnormally,securelyandreliably.Inaddition.Thedrivemethodofelevatorshasreplace
5、dtheDCvelocitymodulationwithfrequencycontrolduetothedevelopmentofACfrequencycontrolofmotors.Thefrequencycontrolnotonlysatisfiesthecomfortsenseofpassengersandensuresthestableprecision,butalsodecreasesthelossofpower,savesresourcesandreducesexpenses.Thefrequencycontrolmeth
6、odbasedonPLCisappliedtotheelevatorsystemandfurtherresearched.Firstly,theessayrespectivelypresentsthecharacteristicsoftheelevatorsystembasedonrelaycontrolandPLCcontrol,speciallyformulatesthedefectsexposedfromrelaycontrolsystemandtheadvantagesofPLCcontrolsystem,introduces
7、thefrequencycontrolofelevators.Secondly,Thedevelopmentofelevatortechniquesandelevatordevicesisover-viewed.Andthen,therelativeknowledgeoffrequency-converterisintroduced;theprincipleofPLCmodelelectionanddesignschemeofPLCcontrolsystemareintroducedaswell.Onthebasisofthese,t
8、hePLCsoftwareofelevatorsystemisdevelopedaccordingtotheworkingstatesdemandsoftheelevator.Aelevatorsystembasedon