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《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)-單立柱鉆銑床NC系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、摘要數(shù)控機(jī)床集計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制、傳感測(cè)量、機(jī)械制造、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信技術(shù)于一體,是典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品,它的發(fā)展和運(yùn)用,開創(chuàng)了制造業(yè)的新時(shí)代,改變了制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)方式、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、管理方式,使世界制造業(yè)的格局發(fā)生了巨大變化。數(shù)控機(jī)床也稱數(shù)字程序控制機(jī)床,是一種以數(shù)字作為指令信息形式,通過電子計(jì)算機(jī)或?qū)S秒娮佑?jì)算機(jī)裝置控制的機(jī)床。數(shù)控機(jī)床主要包括機(jī)械系統(tǒng)和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)兩大部分。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化程度是區(qū)別數(shù)控機(jī)床和其他普通機(jī)床的主要參數(shù)。數(shù)字控制具有較大的靈活性,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)復(fù)雜零件的高精度加工。本文針對(duì)單立柱數(shù)控鉆銑床的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是數(shù)控機(jī)床的控制部分,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)主要包括CNC裝置
2、、主軸及進(jìn)給伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置,以及主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)、進(jìn)給電動(dòng)機(jī)和與其相關(guān)的檢測(cè)反饋元件。在設(shè)計(jì)中以單片機(jī)作為控制部件,并附有限位控制、行列式鍵盤及七段顯示器等一系列相關(guān)接口設(shè)計(jì),以此來達(dá)到數(shù)字控制的效果。同時(shí)為了達(dá)到一定的精度要求,本次設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)采用了開環(huán)控制。用直流伺服電機(jī)做執(zhí)行部件。使用A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器將數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號(hào),再通過PWM調(diào)速系統(tǒng)來控制電機(jī);采用編碼器作為主軸的速檢測(cè)元件來構(gòu)成精度較高的半閉環(huán)控制,主軸轉(zhuǎn)速用變頻器進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。用數(shù)字化信號(hào)對(duì)機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)及其加工過程進(jìn)行控制,推動(dòng)了機(jī)床自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展。因此,對(duì)鉆銑床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的改造,使數(shù)控機(jī)床能夠解決普通機(jī)床難于勝任的問題。關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)
3、控系統(tǒng),單片機(jī),接口,伺服控制59AbstractItwasrepresentativeelectromechanicalintegrationproduct,itsextendandhandle,initiateknowclearlymanufacturingepoch,transferknowclearlymanufacturingchurn,industrialstructure,supervisormode,disposeworldmanufacturingstructureoccurknowclearlygreatnesschangtooutintonumerically-co
4、ntrolledmachinemultitudecomputertechnology,electronics,autocontrol,transducermeasure,machinemanufacturing,internetworkcommunicationteachnologytooneness.NCmachine,alsocalleddigitalprogramcontrolmachine,isaformofdigitalinformationasacommandbyacomputerordedicatedcomputer-controlledmachinetoolequipme
5、nt.NCmachineincludesthemechanicalsystemandthenumericalcontrolsystemtwoparts.ThedegreeofautomationofNCsystemismainparametersbetweenNCmachineandothergeneralmachinetools.Digitalcontrolismoreflexible,abletoachievehigh-precisionmachiningofcomplexparts.ThispaperaimedatreformingtheCNCsystemofNCdrillinga
6、ndmillingmachine.NumericalcontrolsystemincludesCNCequipment,spindle,feedservodrives,spindlemotor,feedmotorandassociatedfeedbackdevicesdetected.MCUwasusedasthecontrolunitinthedesignprocess,alongwithalimitedlevelcontrol,keyboardanddisplayandaseriesofrelatedinterfacedesign,inordertoachievetheeffecto
7、fdigitalcontrol.Meanwhile,inordertoachieveacertaindegreeofaccuracy,thepresentdesignofthefeedservosystemusestheopen-loopcontrol.DCservomotortodowiththe59implementationofparts.UsingtheA/Dconvertertodigitalsignalsintoanal