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1、模擬試題四PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONInthissectionthereareseveralreadingpassagesfollowedbytwentyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarked[A]、[B]、[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.?題?82?-?84Doeschildhoodhaveahistory?
2、AttheturnoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesWilliamWorthworthwroteofchildhoodandyouthasauniquelyprivilegedtimeofinnocenceandinsight--"Heavenliesaboutusinourinfancy,"aparadisalstatefromwhichgrowingupwasaprogressiveexileanddisenchantment--"Shadesoftheprison-housebegintocloseuponthegro
3、wingboy."AfterFreudwecannotquitesubscribetosoidealizedanunderstandingofthedreaminginnocenceofyouth.Neverthelessthedistinctivenessofchildhoodasastateutterlydifferentfromadulthoodisdeeplyingrainedinourculture,andenclosediniconsofchildhoodasdifferentasPeterPanandHuckleberryFinn.Childhood
4、didhaveahistory,butitwasashortandcomparativelyrecentone,fortheveryconceptofchildhoodwasaproductofmodernthought.Beforetheseventeenthcentury,thoughchildrenexisted,childhooddidnot.Medievalchildrenlivedinthemarginsofadultlife,withlittleornodistinctiveculturalidentityoftheirown.Theirclothe
5、swereminiaturizedversionsofadultwear,theyhadnospecialcultureofplay,nochildren'sliterature,therewasnoWorthworthianidealizationoftheinnocenceorcarelessnessofchildhood.Thereasonsforthisabsencewerecomplex.Manychildrendiedyoung,andsothebondsofaffectionbetweenparentsandchildrenwereofnecessi
6、tylooserthanthoseinthemodernWest,wheremostchildrencanbereliedontosurviveintoadulthood.Theconsequentcultureofdetachmentmanifesteditselffromtheverybeginningofinfancy,foreverywomanwhocouldafforditsentherinfantchildrentowetnursestobebreast-fed,therebydeprivingthem,andherself,ofoneofthemos
7、tintimatebondingexperiencesbetweenmotherandchild.Formostpeoplethehomewasalsotheworkplace,notthecentreofthelovingaffectivefamily,butastructurefortoil,inwhichtheimmatureadultswecallchildrenwerepartoftheworkforce.Thechildrenofthepoorworkedassoonastheywereabletopickstones,gleancorn,scarec
8、rows,
