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1、摘要摘要中國(guó)的水短缺不僅是資源短缺,更是制度短缺,并且制度短缺加劇了資源的短缺。面對(duì)水資源的日益短缺和經(jīng)典配置的失靈效應(yīng),提出流域水資源配置應(yīng)在復(fù)雜性范式的指導(dǎo)下,向“溝通與協(xié)調(diào)”的新配置理念過(guò)渡和發(fā)展。因此,解決的有效途徑是如何應(yīng)用復(fù)雜性科學(xué)研究和構(gòu)建適合我國(guó)水情的流域水資源配置機(jī)制,這是本文的核心所在,它關(guān)系到轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期中國(guó)政府與市場(chǎng)如何有效配置水資源的協(xié)調(diào)性問(wèn)題。在復(fù)雜性科學(xué)的視角下,流域水資源配置系統(tǒng)可以被看作是一類CAS,運(yùn)用CAS理論定量描述水資源配置的系統(tǒng)演進(jìn),為流域水資源配置機(jī)制的構(gòu)建奠定了科學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。為尋求合適的流域水資源配置機(jī)制,
2、首先,以水權(quán)制度變遷為主線剖析我國(guó)流域水資源配置機(jī)制的演化過(guò)程;之后,根據(jù)路徑依賴原理得出流域水資源適應(yīng)性配置機(jī)制是機(jī)制演化的績(jī)優(yōu)路徑,并結(jié)合CAS理論闡釋了機(jī)制選擇的理論依據(jù):最后,從理論和工作角度界定了機(jī)制定義和內(nèi)涵,構(gòu)建這一機(jī)制,同時(shí)闡明機(jī)制的運(yùn)行機(jī)理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將流域水資源適應(yīng)性配置機(jī)制的運(yùn)行和實(shí)現(xiàn)視為系統(tǒng)行為,對(duì)機(jī)制的工作原理進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)建模和仿真,分別建立了水權(quán)初始分配模型和水權(quán)交易CAS模型。最后結(jié)合黃河流域?qū)嶋H,驗(yàn)證適應(yīng)性配置機(jī)制構(gòu)建的合理性和可行性,給出流域水權(quán)分配的監(jiān)管機(jī)制。關(guān)鍵詞:復(fù)雜適應(yīng)系統(tǒng):適應(yīng)性配置機(jī)制;水權(quán)初始分配;水權(quán)交易
3、;黃河流域AbstrctAbstractLackingofwaterinChinaisnotonlyoftheresource,butalsoofmechanism,atsomedegreeLackingofmechanismwillleadlackingofresourcetobeworse.Facingtheincreasingshortageofwaterandthefailureofclassicalallocation,theideaisputupthatriverbasinwater-resourceallocationshouldtran
4、sitanddevelopinthenewallocatingideasof‘communication&harmony’accordingtotheguidanceofcomplicatedpattern.Therefore,amechanisminnovationviewisnecessarytosolvetheproblemefficiently.Researchingandconstructingthefiverbasinwater-resourceallocationmechanismadaptabletodomesticwateractua
5、lityinthebackgroundofcomplexityscienceistheessenceofthefollowingarticle.Throughthecomplexityscience,fiverbasinwater-resourceallocationcanbeviewedasakindofCAS;theexertionofCAStheorydescribingmechanismevolvementofwater-resourceallocationquantificationallysetsascientificandtheoreti
6、calfoundationforfiverbasinwater-resourceallocation.Tofindoutthesuitablefiverbasinwater-resourceallocationmechanismisofthefollowingthreefactors.Firstly,anatomyingtheevolutionaryprocessofChinesefiverbasinwaterresourceallocationinthemaincourseofthewaterrightsinstitutionalchange.Sec
7、ondly,drawingtheconclusionthatfiverbasinwater-resourceadaptiveallocationmechanismisthebestpathofmechanismevolvementaccordingtotheprinciplesofpathdependence;illustratingthetheoreticalgistofmechanismchoicesscientificallycompaniedwjmtheCAStheory.Thirdly,definingthecircumscriptionan
8、dmeaningofadaptiveallocationmechanismintheviewo