《Lect半導體電子》PPT課件

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1、內(nèi)容：黑體輻射與能量量子化的假設光電效應康普頓效應氫原子光譜與玻爾的氫原子理論微觀粒子的波粒二象性測不準關(guān)系薛定鄂方程無限深勢阱中的粒子激光原理晶體點陣及電子波在周期勢場中的傳播應用Atoms（原子核）（外層電子、價帶電子）（激發(fā)態(tài)電子）MorethanOneAtom（價帶層）（共價鍵鍵合）（離子鍵鍵合）SolidshaveQuantizedEnergyLevels（禁帶）（允帶）（原子間距）2sBandOverlappingenergybandsElectrons2s2p3s3p1s1sSOLIDATOME=0Free

2、electronElectronEnergy,E2pBand3sBandVacuumlevelConductor(metals)Li（真空能級）（自由電子）（導體、金屬）Semiconductors(a)AsimplifiedtwodimensionalviewofaregionoftheSicrystalshowingcovalentbonds.(b)TheenergybanddiagramofelectronsintheSicrystalatabsolutezerooftemperature.Electronener

3、gy,EConductionBand(CB),Emptyofelectronsat0K.EcEv0Ec+c(b)Bandgap=Eg(a)CovalentbondSiioncore(+4e)ValenceBand(VB),Fullofelectronsat0K.（半導體）（電子親和能）（導帶）（價帶）（能帶結(jié)構(gòu)圖）（Si：硅Silicon）ElectronsinperiodicenergypotentialfieldSchr?dingerequation:（薛定諤方程）PEoftheelectronaroundaniso

4、latedatomrPE(r)xV(x)x=Lx=0a2a3a0aaSurfaceSurfaceCrystalWhenNatomsarearrangedtoformthecrystalthenthereisanoverlapofindividualelectronPEfunctions.PEoftheelectron,V(x),insidethecrystalisperiodicwithaperioda.（周期能勢場中的電子）E-KDiagram:Ekk-p/aEcEvTheE-kDiagramEmptyykh+e-Eg

5、hvValenceBand(VB)p/aConductioinBand(CB)Occupiedyk（能帶結(jié)構(gòu)圖，即能量～電子波矢關(guān)系）（導帶）（價帶）EcEvCBTheEnergyBandDiagrame-h+hvVB（導帶）（價帶）e:電子electronh:空穴holen-typeSilicone-As+TheAsatomdonatesanelectronintotheCB,thusitiscalledadonorimpurity.p-typeSiliconB-h+TheBatomacceptsanelectronf

6、romtheCB,thusitiscalledaacceptorimipurity.As:砷B:硼（硅）施主雜質(zhì)受主雜質(zhì)InIntrinsicSemiconductor(pure,perfect,undoped)==ni—intrinsicconcentrationIt’salsotruefornon-intrinsic(extrinsic,doped)semiconductors!ECEvEFiCBVBIntrinsicFewfreecarriers本征半導體自由載流子費米能級EFnivs.TEcEF-eVABV(x)

7、,PE(x)xPE(x)=-eVEElectronEnergyEc-eVEv-eVV(x)EFEvVn-TypeSemiconductorEnergyBandDiagramsinanAppliedField（外加電壓下的能帶結(jié)構(gòu)It’sanon-equilibriumsituation.（非平衡情況下）ECEvEFiCBVBIntrinsic本征半導體費米能級EFEFpECEvEaEFnECEvEdn-typep-typee–majoritycarrier（多子）h–minoritycarrier（少子）h–majori

8、tycarrier（多子）e–minoritycarrier（少子）非本征半導體n-型、p-型ECEvEFiCBVBIntrinsicFewfreecarriers本征半導體自由載流子費米能級EFUnderequilibrium:nn0=Ndpn0=ni2/Nd2np0=ni2/Na2pp0=NaCarrierDen