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1、無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋優(yōu)化研究中文摘要無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋優(yōu)化研究中文摘要無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為一種新型信息獲取平臺,在軍事、安全監(jiān)視、生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。覆蓋是衡量無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)。覆蓋優(yōu)化問題作為無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本問題之一,也受到廣泛關(guān)注。本文針對節(jié)點(diǎn)高密度隨機(jī)均勻部署的傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究覆蓋優(yōu)化問題,闡述了覆蓋優(yōu)化的方式、過程、手段以及覆蓋優(yōu)化算法的性能評價,歸納了幾種典型的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋優(yōu)化算法,并結(jié)合其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),分別提出了集中式和分布式的覆蓋優(yōu)化協(xié)議。集中式覆蓋優(yōu)化協(xié)議利用圖論知識,在k-重覆蓋算法
2、基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種可調(diào)冗余覆蓋算法。文中首先證明了冗余覆蓋節(jié)點(diǎn)個數(shù)與冗余覆蓋率的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,以此為基礎(chǔ),匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)各節(jié)點(diǎn)冗余信息構(gòu)建冗余關(guān)系連通圖,運(yùn)行可調(diào)冗余覆蓋算法,進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建符合各種覆蓋要求的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)。協(xié)議中還提出一種最短路徑樹算法,用以構(gòu)建工作節(jié)點(diǎn)至匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的最優(yōu)傳輸路徑。協(xié)議的算法實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜度低,仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了協(xié)議的可行性和有效性。分布式覆蓋優(yōu)化協(xié)議相比集中式協(xié)議,具有較好的可擴(kuò)展性,更適用于大型無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)。首先借鑒分簇思想,提出極小覆蓋集劃分算法,劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)為若干個獨(dú)立的極小覆蓋集。以極小覆蓋集為算法模型,提出一種冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)選取
3、算法,該算法將滿足條件的覆蓋集核節(jié)點(diǎn)選作冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)并使其休眠。文中證明了節(jié)點(diǎn)的休眠不影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性同時保持較高的覆蓋率。仿真結(jié)果表明:在保持網(wǎng)絡(luò)原有連通性的基礎(chǔ)上,該協(xié)議使得覆蓋網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目更少、分布更均勻,網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期得到大幅延長。關(guān)鍵詞:無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、冗余覆蓋、極小覆蓋集、覆蓋優(yōu)化作者:王仁喜指導(dǎo)教師s樊建席AbstractResearchOnOptimizationforCoverageinWirelessSensorNetworksResearchonOptimizationforCoverageinWirelessSen
4、sorNetworksAsanewplatformforaccessingtoinformation,wirelesssensornetworkshavebroadapplicationprospectsinmanyfields,forexample:military,securitymonitoring,ecological,environmentalmonitoring,treatmentandSOon.Coverageisanimportantindicatortomeasuringthequalityofserviceabout
5、wirelesssensornetworks.Andtheproblemofcoverageoptimization勰oneofthebasicquestionsofwirelesssensornetworkshasattractedwidespreadattention.Thispaperstudiescoverageoptimizationproblembasedonsensornetworkswherethehigh-densitynodesarerandomuniformdeploying,andanalyzesthemanne
6、r,process,means,andalgorithmperformanceevaluationofcoverageoptimization.Also,bysummarizingsometypicalcoverageoptimizationalgorithmofwirelesssensornetworkandtheirshortcomings,weproposecentralizedanddistributedcoverageoptimizationCentralizedcoverageoptimizationprotocolprop
7、osesanadjustableredundantcoveringalgorithmbasedonk-heavycoverandgraphtheory.First,weprovethemathematicalrelationshipbetweenthenumberofnodesofredundantcoverageandredundantcoverageratio.Then,basedonthisproof,aggregationnodesbuildtheconnectedgraphaboutredundantrelationsacco
8、rdingtoredundantinformationofeachnode,andFunadjustableredundantcoveringalgorithmtobuildamonitoringnetwo