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1、Ch01.qxd23/08/065:53PMPage11TheBIOX?ProcessfortheTreatmentofRefractoryGoldConcentratesPIETERC.VANASWEGEN,JANVANNIEKERK,WALDEMAROLIVIER1.1IntroductionGencorhaspioneeredthecommercializationofbioxidationofrefractorygoldores.DevelopmentoftheBIOX?processsta
2、rtedinthelate1970satGencorProcessResearch,inJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.ThesuccessfuldevelopmentofthetechnologyledtothecommissioningofaBIOX?pilotplantin1984,followedbythefirstcommercialBIOX?plantattheFairviewminein1986(vanAswegenetal.1988).TheBIOX?process
3、wasfullycom-mercializedin1991whentheFairviewplantwasexpandedtotreatthetotalconcentrateproductionofthemineandtheEdwardsroasterswerefinallyshutdown.CommissioningofafurtherthreeBIOX?plantsatHarbourLights(Barteretal.1992)in1992,Wiluna(StephensonandKelson19
4、97)in1993andSansu(Nicholsonetal.1993)in1994followed.Towardtheendof1990asingleBIOX?tankwascommissionedattheSa?BentomineinBrazil(Slabbertetal.1992)tooperatealsoserieswithtwopressureoxidationautoclaves.In1998theTamboraqueBIOX?plant(LoayzaandLy1999)wascomm
5、issionedinPeruandconcludedwhatcouldbeconsideredasafirstgenerationofcom-mercialBIOX?plants.ForalltheseBIOX?plantsthetechnologywaspro-videdunderatechnologylicenseagreement.Therobustness,simplicityofoperation,environmentalfriendlinessandcost-effectiveness
6、ofthetechnologyhasbeendemonstratedatalloftheseoperations.TheBIOX?processhasbeenatechnicalandeconomicsuccessandoffersrealadvantagesoverconventionalrefractoryprocesses,suchasroastingandpressureoxidation.Ongoingdevelopmentworkonbenchandpilotscales,aswella
7、sonoperatingplants,isaimedatimprovingtheeffi-ciencyandcost-effectivenessoftheprocessevenfurther.WhentheinterestsofGencorandGoldFieldsofSouthAfricaweremergedinFebruary1998toformthenewGoldFields,theBIOX?processtechnologyanditsholdingcompany,BiominTechnol
8、ogiesLimitedweretransferredtothenewcompany.Withtheincreaseinthegoldprice,therehasbeenarenewedinterestinthedevelopmentofrefractorygoldoredepositsandtheapplicationoftheBIOX?technologytotreatsuchores.Theyear2005canbeconsideredtomarkthedeve
