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1、東北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要AdHoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)基于信譽(yù)機(jī)制的介質(zhì)訪問控制協(xié)議摘要自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)又稱作AdHoc網(wǎng)絡(luò),其介質(zhì)開放、動(dòng)態(tài)拓?fù)洹⒎植际絽f(xié)作等特征使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組織更方便,也使得其面臨著眾多的安全問題。MAC層主要負(fù)責(zé)節(jié)點(diǎn)公平的接入信道,MAC層的安全也是AdHoe網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的重要組成部分。論文提出基于信譽(yù)機(jī)制的介質(zhì)訪問控制協(xié)議。在新協(xié)議下,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都對(duì)其周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行信譽(yù)評(píng)價(jià)以保證有攻擊行為的節(jié)點(diǎn)信譽(yù)值將被減小,而合法節(jié)點(diǎn)的信譽(yù)值會(huì)增加。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都擁有一個(gè)有效期有限的令牌并以信譽(yù)值為依據(jù)進(jìn)行令牌
2、管理。一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)只有其令牌在有效期內(nèi)的時(shí)候才能通信。為了延長(zhǎng)令牌的有效期,節(jié)點(diǎn)必須向其周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)出申請(qǐng),如果節(jié)點(diǎn)信譽(yù)值低,令牌將得不到延長(zhǎng)。這樣攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)被隔離出網(wǎng)絡(luò),信譽(yù)值高的節(jié)點(diǎn)的令牌有效期長(zhǎng)。通過這種方法,攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)被懲罰,合法節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)被鼓勵(lì),促使節(jié)點(diǎn)公平使用信道。多個(gè)持有有效令牌的節(jié)點(diǎn)采用IEEE802.11DCF方式共享信道,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)安全、公平的介質(zhì)訪問控制。為驗(yàn)證協(xié)議的有效性,分別對(duì)無攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn)在802.11協(xié)議下,無攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn)在新協(xié)議下,有攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn)在802.11協(xié)議下,有攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn)在新協(xié)議下四
3、種情況利用NS網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真軟件進(jìn)行了仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明在沒有攻擊的情況下新協(xié)議由于增大了開銷,網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量會(huì)小于802.11協(xié)議,但并不明顯。在有攻擊情況下,新協(xié)議能夠有效的抑制攻擊節(jié)點(diǎn),對(duì)合法節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行保護(hù)。關(guān)鍵詞:AdHoc網(wǎng)絡(luò),介質(zhì)訪問控制,信譽(yù),令牌,攻擊檢測(cè)一II—●東北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文AbstractAMACprotocolbasedonreputationmechanismofAdHocnetworkAbstractSelf-organizednetworkisalsocalledAdHoc
4、network.Itscharacteristicssuchasopenmedium,dynamictopologyanddistributedcooperationnotonlymakeiteasytoorganizeanetwork,butalsobringalotofsecurityproblemstoit.MAClayerismainlyresponsiblefornodes’accessmenttothemedium,andthesecurityinMAClayerisalsoanimp
5、ortantpartofsecurityinAdHocnetworks.AMACprotocolbasedonreputationmechanismofAdHocnetworkisproposedinthisthesis.Underthenewprotocol,everynodeinthenetworkestimatesitsneighbors’reputationtoensurethatattackingnodes’reputationvaluewillbedecreasedandgoodnod
6、es’reputationvaluewillbeincreased.Eachnodeinthenetworkownsatokenwhichhaslimitedperiodofvalidityandmanagestokensbythehelpofreputation.Anodecancommunicateonlywhenitstokenisvalid.Toprolongtheperiodofvalidity,anodehastOapplytoitsneighbors,ifthenode’Sreput
7、ationvalueislow,itstoken’Speriodofvaliditywon’tbeprolonged.SoattackingnodeswillbeisolatedOutofthenetworkandgoodnodescanowntokenswithlongperiodofvalidity.Bythiswayattackingnodescanbepunishedandgoodnodescanbeencouragedandfairaccessmentcanbeprotected.Nod
8、eswithvalidtokenscansharethechannelunderIEEE802.11DCFtOprotectthesafeandfairnessofmediaaccessment.ThevalidityofthenewprotocolissimulatedthroughNSnetworksimulationsoftwareinfourconditionswhichincludewithoutattackingnodesunder802.11,withoutattac