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1、致謝本工作是在導(dǎo)師陸福全教授和張雪梅副教授的指導(dǎo)下完成的。三年來兩位導(dǎo)師對我的學(xué)習(xí)，科研，生活各方面的教誨，鼓勵和關(guān)心讓我永遠(yuǎn)難忘，衷心的感謝兩位導(dǎo)師。同時，研究生階段的工作也是也是原子物理組全體老師和研究生的集體智慧和共同努力的結(jié)晶，我對王炎森教授，霍裕昆教授，承煥生教授，鄒亞明教授，陳重陽副教授懷有深深的謝意。同時感謝寧西京副教授，沈皓副教授，}Z泳教授，賀勉鴻高級工程師給予的指點(diǎn)。感謝所長周筑穎教授給予我的教導(dǎo)。感謝傅桃賢老師，葉翠娣老師，查秉強(qiáng)老師，張杰雄老師的幫助。感謝齊靜波碩士，夏海寧碩士給予的指點(diǎn)以及師兄黎光武給予的幫助。感謝所有幫助過我的師兄，同學(xué)，師弟們。感謝楊福家院士
2、給實(shí)驗(yàn)室創(chuàng)造的良好工作條件。感謝父母和家人給予我的關(guān)心，感謝他們長期來給予我做人的教誨和激勵，沒有他們的鞭策和鼓勵我是很難堅(jiān)持下去的。AbstractThesingleelectrondetachmentofnegativeionsincollisionwithatomsisknowntobeoneofthemostfundamentalprocessesoccurringinplasmaphysics,astrophysics,andionosphericphysics.Experimentalandtheoreticalstudiesofthiscollisionprocessesm
3、aybeusedtoimproveourunderstandingofion-atominteractionandthestructureofnegativeions,thus,thissubjecthasbeenextensivelystudiedinthepastfewdecades.ThegrowthratemethodwasusedtomeasuretheSED(single-electrondetachment)crosssectionsinthiswork.TheSEDcrosssectionsforCu'incollisionwithHe,Ne,Ar,N2;H-,Ag,C"
4、,Cl"(isotope"C1-,"C1-),Fe-,Cr-incollisionwithHewereobtainedintherangeof5-30kev.Theresultsarequalitativelydiscussed.TheresultsforCuincollisionwithdiferentinertgasesarecomparedwitheachother.TheresultsforHeincollisionwithdiferentnegativeionsarecomparedwitheachother.Intheviewofclassicaldynamics,theSE
5、Dcrosssectionsofnegativeionsincollisionwithgasatomsandmolecularsaredeterminedbythesizeofthetargets.Thebiggerthetarget,thegreatertheSEDcrosssection;thecrosssectionsarealsodeterminedbythevelocitiesoftheincidentions.Becausethemassesoftheincidentionsarediferent,forthesameincidentenergy,thevelocitieso
6、fthenegativeionsarediferent.Thusthetrendsofthesectionsvaryingwiththeincidentenergiesarediferent.Althoughtherehavebeenmanytheoriesaboutelectron-losscrosssectionsofhighorlowenergynegativeionsincollisionwithgastargets,fewisapplicableforSEDproceduresofwhichmediummassnegativeionsincollisionwithinertga
7、sinthemediumenergyrange.Asystemicquantumtheorythereforeisexpectedforinterpretingtheelectron-lossproceduresinawideenergyrange.Inthepresentwork,consideringtheatachedelectronisboundedintheatom,andmomentumtransfercannotbep
