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1、ElementsofFictionFictionisaliteraryworkwhosecontentisproducedbytheimaginationandisnotnecessarilybasedonfact.1.Character(1)charactersTheprotagonist-----thecentralcharacterTheantagonist-----thecharacteragainstwhomtheprotagoniststrugglesorcontendsTodescribetherelativedegreeacharacterwasdeve
2、loped,criticsreferthemasAflatcharacterwhoisbuiltaroundwithasingletraitorqualityoridea.Aroundcharacter----theychangeandgrowandthustheyaredynamic.Oftentheyexhibitcontradictorytraitsandlikerealhumanbeings,theyfrequentlysurpriseus.(2)MethodsofCharacterizationCharacterizationisabouthowacharac
3、terisrevealedordeveloped.2basicwaystocharacterize:TotellandtoshowMethodsofcharacterizationbytelling1)theuseofname2)appearance:dressandphysicalappearance3)bytheauthor:theauthorrevealsthepersonalityofthecharactersthroughaseriesofeditorialcomments,includingthethoughtsandfeelingsthatpassthro
4、ughthecharacters’mindsMethodsofcharacterizationbyshowing4)dialogue5)action2.PlotPlotisatermtoindicatehowtheeventsarearrangedtoaffectthereader.Itisanartificialratherthananaturalorderingofevents.Itiscomposedoftwobasicaspectsofnarration:·thesequence,i.e.thestorytoldinchronologicalorder,orwi
5、thalotofflashback,orinpsychicorder;·Thedevelopment,i.e.whetherinthetraditionallinearpattern(set-up/exposition→risingaction/complications→climax→fallingaction→resolutionormodernistway(littleaction,innerworlddepiction,dialogues,nodevelopment).Aworkmayhavejustoneplot,ordoubleplots,ormultipl
6、eplots.?3.SettingSettingisthebackgroundagainstwhichtheactionofanarrativeoccurs,referringbothtothetimeandplaceoftheeventsinastory,includingthespecifictimeorperiod,geographiclocation,culturalenvironmentaswellassocialandpoliticalrealities.Settingisoftenestablishedbydescription,butitmayalsob
7、eshownthroughcharacter’saction,dialogueorthinking.Althoughdefinedasthebackground,itcanhavegreatsignificanceinthestory.Itnotonlygivesthereadertheimpressionofverisimilitude[?ver?s??m?l??tju:d]真實,butmayalsofunctionas“objectivecorrelative”oftheinternallifeofthecharacter.These
