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1、第25卷第7期生 態(tài) 學 報Vol.25,No.72005年7月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAJul.,2005細菌對環(huán)境污染物的趨化性及其在生物修復中的作用3蔣建東,張瑞福,何 健,張曉舟,崔中利,李順鵬(南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學生命科學學院,農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境微生物工程重點開放實驗室,南京 210095)摘要:細菌對有機化合物的降解能力是一種利用碳源和能源的優(yōu)勢,這種能力可以用來設計安全、有效和無二次污染的污染物的生物修復系統(tǒng)。趨化性是細菌適應外界化學環(huán)境變化而作出的行為反應,是一種尋找碳源和能源的優(yōu)勢。細菌的趨化性能夠增強細菌在自然環(huán)境中的降解
2、污染物的效果,細菌的趨化性與降解性之間的關系研究已經(jīng)成為熱點。介紹了細菌的趨化性的基本概念和趨化信號轉(zhuǎn)導的機制,重點討論了細菌對環(huán)境污染化合物的趨化性,從基因水平揭示了趨化性與降解性之間的緊密聯(lián)系,認為趨化性可以有效地促進降解性細菌對污染物的生物修復作用。關鍵詞:趨化性;生物降解;生物修復;信號轉(zhuǎn)導文章編號:100020933(2005)0721764208中圖分類號:X171.4文獻標識碼:ABacterialchemotaxistoenvironmentalpollutantsandit'ssignificanceinbioremediatio
3、n3JIANGJian2Dong,ZHANGRui2Fu,HEJian,ZHANGXiao2Zhou,CUIZhong2Li,LIShun2Peng(CollegeofLifeSciences,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,KeyLaboratoryofMicrobiologicalEngineeringofAgriculturalEnvironment,MinistryofAgriculture,Nanjing210095,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2005,25(7):1764～1771
4、.Abstract:Releaseofpollutantshasresultedinenvironmentalcontamination.Manymethodshavebeenappliedtoremovexenobioticcompounds,andbioremediationwasconsideredasasafer,moreefficientandlessexpensivealternativetotreatthesepollutants.Althoughmanyenvironmentalpollutantsarefoundtobedegra
5、dedbymicroorganisms,insomecases,thecatabolicpotentialalonewasinadequate,combiningwithotherpropertiessuchaschemotaxistoenhancebioremediationhasbeenconsidered.Bacterialchemotaxis,movementofbacteriaundertheinfluenceofachemicalgradienthelpedbacteriatonavigatetothemostfavorablenich
6、esforgrowthandsurvival,anditmighthaveevolvedasaselectiveadvantagetobacteriaforsearchingthechemicalsthatcouldactasasourceofcarbonandenergytothecells.Chemotaxiscouldplayanimportantroleinthebiodegradationprocess.Therelationshipsbetweenchemotaxisanddegradationhavebeenstudiedwithin
7、creasingefforts.Inthisreview,thebasicconceptandassaymethodsofbacterialchemotaxisandit'ssignaltransductionmechanismareintroduced.Bacterialchemotaxistoenvironmentalpollutantsisdiscussedindetail,andevidencesthatmotilebacteriaarechemotacticallyattractedtoenvironmentalpollutants,wh
8、ichtheycoulddegrade,arelisted.Therelationshipsbetweenchemotax
