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1、形態(tài)學Morphology1詞素morpheme詞素是單詞的最小的有意義的組成部分。Childlike=Child+like2詞根經常被看做單詞的一部分，它本身有清楚的確定的意義但卻不能被單獨使用。如bio-,tri-,aero-自由詞素是獨立的意義單位,自身能夠單獨使用,如drink,stand,moon等3屈折詞綴用來表明各種各樣的語法關系或范疇，如數(shù)、時態(tài)、級和格等。4前綴prefix一般來說，前綴只是改變詞的意義，但并不改變其詞類。5anti-auto-be-bi-bio-centi-co-con-com-col-cor-antiwa
2、rautobiographybefriend,belittlebiweeklybiospherecentigradecooperationcontemporaryCompresscollectcollaboratecorrespondcorrelate6contra-:counter-:de-:dis-:e-:en-:em-:ex-:extra-:contradictcounterattackdevalue,de-emphasizedisorder,disagreeeject,emergeencaseembrace,empowerexclud
3、eextraordinary,extrasensory7fore-:in-:im-:il-:ir-:inter-:intra-:kilo-:forefatherinhuman,inadequateimmoral/imbalanceillegal/illiterateirrelevant/irregularinternationalIntracity,introspectionkilometer8macro-:micro-:mal-:mid-:mini-:mis-:mono-:multi-:non-:out-:over-:macroworldm
4、icroworldmalcontent,malfunctionmidpoint,midwayminiwarmisunderstandmonologuemultilingualnonexistentoutsize/outflowoverstudy/overestimate9poly-:post-:pre-:pseudo-:re-:semi-:sub-:super-:tele-:therm-:polyfunctional,polyatomicpostgraduate/postponeprehistorypseudosciencereact/rea
5、ppearsemicirclesubtropics/subcentralsupernatural/supervisetelephone/telescopethermal/thermometer10trans-:tri-:ultra-:un-:under-:uni-:vice-:transplant/transformtricycle/triangleultraclean/ultraredunreal/unlockundersea/underestimateuniform/uniquevice-president11后綴suffix一般來說，后
6、綴不僅改變詞的意義，而且使單詞由一種詞類轉變?yōu)榱硪环N詞類。12-ability:-ibility:-age:-al:-an:-ian:-arian:-ance:-ence:名詞后綴adaptabilitysensibilitymarriage/postagesurvival/betrayalAmerican/republicancomedian/Canadianhumanitarian/librariandisturbanceinsistence13-ancy:-ency:-ant:-ent:-cy:-dom:-ee:-er:-or:-ar:
7、redundancysolvencyvibrant/assistant/relevantsentiment/absorbent/studentIntricacy/accuracykingdomreturneeleader/washer/batterarbitrator/generatorliar/beggar/scholar名詞后綴14-ery:-ese:-ess:-ful:-hood:-ics:greenery/robberyChinese/cantonesepoetess/hostesshandfulbachelorhood/childh
8、oodathetics名詞后綴15-ion:-ition:-ation:-ism:-ist:-ity:-ty:-ment:-ness:名詞后綴concision/c
