資源描述:
《Seismic Considerations,抗震設(shè)計》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Unit5SeismicConsiderations抗震設(shè)計ThescienceofEarthquakes地震科學(xué)Earthquakeshavelongbeenfearedasoneofnature’smostterrifyingphenomena.地震長久以來被認為是恐怖的自然災(zāi)難之一Earlyinhumanhistory,thesuddenshakingoftheearthanddeathanddestructionthatresultedinwereseenasmysteriousanduncontrollable.人類早期,大地的突然晃動
2、及它所導(dǎo)致死亡和破壞被認作是神秘的、不可控的Often,theupheavalofthegroundwasseenasanactofretributionbyasupernaturalpower.通常,大地的巨震被認為是受到超自然力量的懲罰TheJapanese,forexample,believedthatearthquakeswerecausedbythestirringofahugecatfishwholivedintheoceandepths.比如,在日本,地震被認作是有深海中的巨型鯰魚引起的Thetheoryofplatetectoni
3、csproposedin1969hasremovedthemysterybyexplainingtheoriginofearthquakesandshowingthattheymustbeacceptedasanaturalenvironmentprocess,oneoftheperiodicadjustmentsthattheearthmakesinitsevolution.1969年板塊地質(zhì)學(xué)的提出,通過解釋地震的起源,讓人們接受地震只是地球變化周期內(nèi)的自然進化過程,從而消除了人們的困惑Thisscientificexplanation,ho
4、wever,hasnotlessenedtheterrifyingnatureoftheearthquakeexperience.但是,科學(xué)的解釋并未減少地震的可怕.Indeed,insomerespects,ithasincreaseditfornow,whenwetendtoexpecttocontrolnature’sforcestoadegreeinconceivableonlyacenturyorsoago,earthquakescontinuetoremindusthatnaturestillcanstrikewithoutwarni
5、ngand,afteronlyafewseconds,leavedamageandcasualtiesinitswake.的確,在某些方面,恐怖一直在遞增,一個世紀(jì)前,當(dāng)我們癡望于控制自然力量的時候,地震卻不停地提醒著我們,它可以毫無征兆的爆發(fā),瞬間造成大量的破壞和傷亡Theuncertainty,lackofwarning,andinstantthreattolifecontributetoourfundamentalfearofearthquakes.地震的不規(guī)律性、毫無征兆性和對生命的持續(xù)威脅增加了我們內(nèi)心的恐懼Beyondthethrea
6、ttolifeisthethreatofthedestructionofpublicandprivateproperty.除了對生命的威脅外,地震還對公共和私人財產(chǎn)構(gòu)成威脅Jobs,services,andbusinessrevenuescandisappearinstantlyand,formany,homelesscansuddenlybeveryreal.工作、服務(wù)及商業(yè)收入瞬間化為烏有,無家可歸成為現(xiàn)實。Theaftermathofagreatearthquakeenduresforyearsorevendecades:大地震所產(chǎn)生的余震
7、可以持續(xù)數(shù)年甚至幾十年SixyearsaftertheLomaPrietaearthquakecenteredinSantaCruzCounty,California,thecentralretailareaofSantaCruzisstillonlypartiallyreconstructedandSanFranciscotrafficremainshamperedfreewaysstillbeingreplacedandrepaired.發(fā)生在加利福尼亞州圣克魯斯縣的地震已過去六年,圣克魯斯縣中心地區(qū)只是部分進行了重建,舊金山的道路依然受阻,
8、等待著被修復(fù)。Althoughearthquakescannotbeprevented,modernscienceandengineer