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1、120廣東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)2011年第20期東平湖大型底棲動(dòng)物多樣性及其環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)王志忠,王欽東,陳述江,孫棟,鞏俊霞,陳金萍,段登選(山東省淡水水產(chǎn)研究所,山東濟(jì)南250013)摘要:于2006年和2007年對(duì)東平湖水域2條斷面、9個(gè)站位的底棲動(dòng)物進(jìn)行了3次采樣調(diào)查,研究了東平湖底棲動(dòng)物的群落組成和生物多樣性;并應(yīng)用大型底棲動(dòng)物污染指數(shù)(MPI)和生物學(xué)污染指數(shù)(BPI)對(duì)東平湖水域環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明:已鑒定出底棲動(dòng)物31種,其中腹足綱10種、瓣鰓綱11種、甲殼綱4種、昆蟲綱2種、寡毛綱1種和蛭綱3種。平均棲息密度相對(duì)較低,為
2、186.79(±102.35)ind./m2;螺類最多,其次為昆蟲類和寡毛類,甲殼類、腹足類和水蛭類所占比例較少。平均生物量為157.722;腹足類占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢,其次為螺類,昆蟲類、寡毛類、甲殼類和水蛭類所占比例較少。隨采樣時(shí)間的推移,底棲動(dòng)(±188.74)g/m物棲息密度和生物量均逐漸顯著降低。底棲動(dòng)物多樣性指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)均較低。MPI和BPI評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明:東平湖水域環(huán)境質(zhì)量以輕度污染(輕中污染和輕污染)為主,總體處于良好狀態(tài)。關(guān)鍵詞:東平湖;底棲動(dòng)物;物種多樣性;環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)中圖分類號(hào):Q145文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):
3、1004-874X(2011)20-0120-04BiodiversityofmacrozoobenthosandenvironmentalqualityassessmentinDongpingLakeWANGZhi-zhong,WANGQin-dong,CHENShu-jiang,SUNDong,GONGJun-xia,CHENJin-ping,DUANDeng-xuan(FreshwaterFisheriesResearchInstituteofShandongProvince,Jinan250013,China)Abstract:
4、InordertounderstandthebiodiversityofmacrozoobenthosfaunaandenvironmentalqualityofDongpingLake,threetimessurveywasmadeat2sectionswith9sitesin2006and2007,withthespeciescomposition,biomass,inhabitdensity,macrozoobenthospollutionindex(MPI)value,biologicalpollutionindex(BPI)v
5、alueofmacrozoobenthicfaunainvestigated,andtheenvironmentalqualityanalyzed.Atotalof31macrozoobenthosspecieswererecorded,including10speciesgasteropod,11specieslamellibranch,4speciesCrustacea,2speciesinsecta,2speciesannelidoligochaetaand3specieshirudinean.Theinhabitdensityw
6、as186.79(±102.35)ind./m2,mostofwhichwaslamellibranch,thenInsectaandannelidoligochaetaandtheleastCrustacea,gasteropodandhirudinean.Thebiomasswas157.72(±188.74)g/m2,mostofwhichwasgasteropod,thenlamellibranchandtheleastInsecta,annelidoligochaeta,Crustaceaandhirudinean.Thein
7、habitdensityandbiomasssignificantlydecreasedwiththechangeofinvestigatingtime.Allbiodiversityindexesweresmall.AndtheenvironmentalqualityassessedusingMPIandBPIshowedthattheenvironmentalqualityofDongpingLakewasslightlypolluted.Keywords:DongpingLake;macrozoobenthos;biodivers
8、ity;environmentalqualityassessment2東平湖位于山東省中西部,總面積140km,是山東1材料與方法省第二大淡水湖泊。它具有蓄洪、灌溉、工業(yè)用水、水上運(yùn)輸、生活用水等諸多功能,