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1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞是指那些在劇中不能單獨充當(dāng)句子位于成分的動詞形式?；拘问接兴姆N：不定式（infinitive）、動名詞（gerund）、分詞（participle）、和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（absolutestructure）。一、不定式動詞不定式是非謂語動詞中使用最廣泛的一種，在句子中，它除了做謂語外，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)其他任何成分，可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語。它在句中其名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用。語態(tài)一般式（尚未發(fā)生）進(jìn)行式（正在發(fā)生）完成式（先于謂語動詞發(fā)生）主動todotobedoingtohavedone被動to
2、bedonetobebeingdonetohavebeendone舉例：Itisn’tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.Accordingtoyourmarketreport,demandseemstobereturning.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreportedtohavebeensetuptwenty-fiveyearsagow
3、henDr.Audiobecameitsfirstpresident.不定式的語法功能：1)作主語Thetraditionalrulewasthatit’ssafer(tostaywhereyouare),butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.2)作賓語Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplate
4、s(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.3)作表語Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.4)作定語Tommadethedecisiontogoaroundthew
5、orldinthreeyearsallalone.Shehastheambitiontolearnotherlanguages.ThepressuretocompetecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemundera7constantemotionalstrain.5)作狀語Asadthingaboutlifeiswhenyoumeetsomeoneandfallinlove,onlytofindoutintheendthatyouhavewastedyearsons
6、omeonewhowasn’tworthit.6)作補語Themanwasseentofallheavilytothegroundandnevergetupagain.注：使役動詞如make、let、have等以及感官動詞hear、see、feel、watch、notice等之后所加的不定式要省略to，但是在被動語態(tài)中不可省略。例如我們說seesbplayontheground，但被動態(tài)中我們說sbisseentoplayontheground。不帶to的動詞不定式1.在do…but/except結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)but或exce
7、pt前有實義動詞do的某種形式時，后接不帶to的動詞不定式。Thetrainislate,andIcandonothingbutwait.比較：TherewassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebuttocallinthepolice.2.在hadbetter,wouldrather/sooner…than…,rather…than,wouldjustassoon,mightjustaswell,cannot(help)but…等之后都必須接動詞原形。Tomcannotbutaskhissup
8、ervisortohelphimsolvethedifficultyhehasencounteredindoingtheproject.3.在dofarmorethan后面不定式省略to。Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjustattendclasses.4.
