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1、Youmaybesavingtoomuchforretirement你給退休存的錢可能太多了Areyousavingtoomuchforretirement?CanyoubelieveI'mevenaskingthatquestion?你的養(yǎng)老金是不是存得太多了?或者你認(rèn)為這個問題本身就很無厘頭?Fulldisclosure:ThefolksatMorningstarInvestmentManagement,specificallyheadofretirementresearchDavidBlanchett,askeditfirst.Hefoundthatformanype
2、opletheanswerisyes--byanaverageof20%.That,asBlanchettacknowledges,isabigdeal."Retirementis,byandlarge,themostexpensivepurchaseofanyone'slifetime,"hesays."Forpeoplewhothinktheyneed$1millionbutfindtheyonlyneed$800,000,itisabigdifference."而事實是這樣的:晨星投資管理公司(MorningstarInvestmentManagement)退休研究部
3、主管大衛(wèi)?布蘭切特率先提出了這個問題,而且他發(fā)現(xiàn),20%左右的人對這個問題的回答是肯定的。布蘭切特認(rèn)為情況有些嚴(yán)重,他說:“養(yǎng)老儲蓄金毫無疑問是大多數(shù)人人生最大的一筆投入。但想象和現(xiàn)實差距很大,人們以為自己需要存上100萬美元來養(yǎng)老,實際上只要80萬就夠了?!盨ohowdoyoufigureoutwhetheritappliestoyou?Youhavetotakeastepbackandlookatboththeretirementsavinggoalsyou'vesetforyourselfandyourcurrentspending.那么,這種情況是否也出現(xiàn)在你身上?
4、大家最好還是重新審視一下自己的養(yǎng)老儲蓄計劃,以及目前的開銷。Therehaslongbeenaruleofthumbthatsaysyoushouldplantoreplace70%to80%ofyourpre-retirementincome(thatis,yourfinalannualsalarybeforeyouretire)inretirement--andthatthatnumbershouldbeadjustedupward,withinflation,eachyear.Inreallife,datafromtheSurveyofConsumerFinances
5、shows,spending,andthereforetheamountyou'llneed,isn'tthatlinear.長期以來,根據(jù)概測法,人們應(yīng)該存下退休前收入(即退休前的最終年收入)的70%到80%作為養(yǎng)老金。而且,算上通貨膨脹的話,這個比例還應(yīng)該逐年上調(diào)。但美國消費者金融調(diào)查報告(SurveyofConsumerFinances)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,人們的實際開銷并不會因為通脹的影響而上漲。Peopleintheirmid-40sto50sspendthemost.(Assomeonerightinthemiddleofthatrangewithonechildinc
6、ollegeandanotherstartingin18months,Icantotallyseewhythat'sthecase.)Fromthere,spendingstartstodeclineas--typically--thekidsleavethenest,youdownsize,retirethemortgage(althoughthat'sgettinglesscommon),ditchtheextracar,etc.,etc.,untilmedicalneedsdriveexpensesupagaintowardtheendoflife.Bottomlin
7、e,theamountpeopleneedtoreplacevariesfromunder54%ofpre-retirementincometoover87%.通常,四十五至五十歲的人群開銷最大。(這個年齡段的人通常要負(fù)擔(dān)一個上大學(xué)的孩子,同時撫養(yǎng)一個一兩歲的小家伙。)但之后,開支就逐漸減少了,尤其是等到孩子們都成年以后,父母們就會縮減開銷,取消房貸抵押(盡管這種情況越來越少),處理掉多余的汽車。這種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到晚年,直到醫(yī)療和交通方面的開銷出現(xiàn)增長。根據(jù)年齡段的不同,人們退休后的年均最低花費在退休前收入中的占比