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1、.摘要新能源技術(shù)的提出早已有之,其中太陽能、地?zé)崮堋L(fēng)能等早就被人類利用,但是,對這些新能源進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的開發(fā)利用的技術(shù)還不成熟。氫能作為新能源的一種,也處于這樣的尷尬局面之中。阻礙氫能大規(guī)模開發(fā)利用的關(guān)鍵障礙就是氫氣的快速制取和安全儲運。以鋁為基礎(chǔ)制備出氫能的能源和轉(zhuǎn)換材料是解決這一問題的新思路。但是鋁由于其性質(zhì)活潑,在空氣中會形成一層致密的氧化膜,使純鋁在水中幾乎不發(fā)生反應(yīng)。實現(xiàn)鋁水解制氫的關(guān)鍵就是要破壞這層氧化膜。本論文主要采用向Al中添加Ga、In、Sn、Li等活潑金屬制備出鋁合金這一技術(shù)來破壞這層氧化膜,提高Al
2、的反應(yīng)活性,達(dá)到快速制氫的目的。通過對制備出的Al-Ga、Al-Ga-In-Sn、Al-Ga-Li合金在不同成分和溫度下的制氫檢測實驗,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)用真空碳管電阻爐制備出的Al-Ga合金,即使在Ga含量高達(dá)30%時,最大的產(chǎn)氫效率也只有6%。而Al-Ga-In-Sn合金則能與水劇烈反應(yīng),在綜合考慮生產(chǎn)能耗、成本和產(chǎn)氫效果等因素下,Al90-Ga7-In2-Sn1合金的制氫效果最令人滿意,可以達(dá)到100%的制氫量,更是可以在5分鐘左右就可以反應(yīng)結(jié)束。向Al-Ga系材料中添加活性金屬可以提高鋁水解的活性,是獲得較好制氫效果的有效
3、方法。關(guān)鍵詞:氫能,水解制氫,Al-Ga合金、Al-Ga-In-Sn合金、Al-Ga-Li合金..AbstractWhilethenewenergytechnologieshavelongbeenproposed,andsolarenergy,geothermalenergy,windenergyandsoonhavebeenhumanusedforalongtime,thesenewenergydevelopmentandutilizationoflarge-scaletechnologyisnotmatureyet.
4、Hydrogen,oneofthenewenergy,isalsoinsuchembarrassingsituation.Fastgeneration,safestorageanddeliveryofhydrogenhavebecomethemainobstacle,whichrestricthydrogenenergydevelopmentandutilization.AnewideatosolvethisproblemistopreparedaAl-basedmaterialasamaterialforenergyr
5、eservesandconversion.Aluminumisthematerialofperfectchoiceforhydrolysishydrogenproduction.However,alayerofinertthinoxidefilmiseasilyformedonthealuminumsurfacebecauseofitslivelynature,whichpreventswaterfromcontactingwithAImetalsurface.Thekeyofhydrogengenerationbysp
6、littingwaterwithAIistodestroytheinertthinoxidefilm.Todestroythislayeroftheoxidefilm,improvingthereactivityofAl,andachieverapidhydrogenproductionpurposes,inthethesis,weprepareanaluminumalloybyaddingactivemetalsinAlsuchasGa,In,Sn,Li,etc.Bytheexperimentdetectingthea
7、bilityofAl-Ga,Al-Ga-In-Sn,Al-Ga-Lialloyatdifferentcomponentandtemperatures,wefoundthattheAl-Gaalloy,preparedbythevacuumcarbontuberesistancefurnace,iscapableofhydrolyzinghydrogenproduction,butwithalittlehydrogenproduction,evenwhenGacontentis30%.However,Al-Ga-In-Sn
8、alloypreparedbythevacuumcarbontuberesistancefurnacehaveawater-stronglyhydrolyzablehydrogenproduction.Inconsideringtheproductionofenergy,costs,effectandotherfac