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1、TransAnatolianPipelineProjectOCTOBER2006Thisdocumentispropertyof?alikEnerjiA.?andEniInternationalB.V..ItshallneitherbeshowntoThirdPartiesnorusedforpurposesotherthanthoseforwhichithasbeendelivered.TheTurkishStraitsIssue?TheBosphorusandDardanellesStraitsrepr
2、esentanincreasingconstraintforoiltankerstransportingCentralAsianproductionsacrosstheBlackSeatotheMediterraneanSeaandInternationalMarkets.?ThelargenumberofshipscrossingtheStraitsisalreadydeemedtobeahazardtosafenavigation,andtankerstrafficwillinevitablyincre
3、aseduetotheadditionalRussianandCaspianoilexportswhichwillreachtheBlackSeaintheshorttomedium-term.?Studiesoncurrentprovenandprobableoildevelopmentsshowthat,onthebasisofcrudeexportsonly,additionalvolumescouldreach1.3millionb/din2013,wellbeyondthepresentcapac
4、ityoftheBosphorus.Thisdocumentispropertyof?alikEnerjiA.?andEniInternationalB.V..ItshallneitherbeshowntoThirdPartiesnorusedforpurposesotherthanthoseforwhichithasbeendelivered.TheTurkishStraitsIssue4,0003,5003,0001.7millionb/d2,5002,000000b/d1,5001,000500000
5、020406081012141618200000000000022222222222ProductstoBlackSeaCrudetoBlackSeaExpectedproductionflowthroughtheTurkishStraitsThisdocumentispropertyof?alikEnerjiA.?andEniInternationalB.V..ItshallneitherbeshowntoThirdPartiesnorusedforpurposesotherthanthoseforwhi
6、chithasbeendelivered.TheTurkishStraitsIssue?TheTurkishStraitscongestionisacauseofconcernfrombothcommercialandenvironmentalviewpoints.?Ontheonehand,PetroleumIndustryoperatorsaresufferingfromtheextracostsarisingfromthelongwaitingtimerequiredtocrosstheStraits
7、,particularlyinthewinterseason(peaksofthreeweekswaitingtimewerereportedthiswinter,withdemurragecostspeaking1.5/1.6$/bblin2005).?Ontheotherhand,heavytrafficoftankersacrosstheStraitsrepresentsaserioushazardforthesurroundingenvironment,withincreasingconcernso
8、nthepartoftheTurkishGovernment.?Themostobvioussolutiontotheseproblems(duetobecomemoreandmoreseriousinfuture)isaby-passpipeline.Thisdocumentispropertyof?alikEnerjiA.?andEniInternationalB.V..Itshallneitherbesho
