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1、認(rèn)知控制的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制陳安濤西南大學(xué)心理學(xué)院2007.11.24反應(yīng)速度小測驗反應(yīng)二:讀顏色,盡可能快地讀出來反應(yīng)一:讀字義,盡可能快地讀出來2Stroop效應(yīng),認(rèn)知控制、元認(rèn)知StroopRJ,19333認(rèn)知控制的概念、或功能Aremarkablefeatureofthehumancognitivesystemisitsabilitytocongfigureitselfforthepreformanceofspecifictasksthroughappropriateadjustmentsinperceptualselection,responsebiasing,andtheon-lin
2、emaintenanceofcontextualinformation.Theprocessesbehindsuchadaptability,referredtocollectivelyascongnitivecontorlFromBotvinicketal.,2001,psychologicalreview4認(rèn)知控制神經(jīng)機(jī)制的基本問題頭腦中是否存在小人(homunculus)?由它來指揮大腦的工作?如果確實有這樣的小人,它存在于哪個/些神經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)中?或者由哪些神經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)來完成呢?一個重大的進(jìn)展是:認(rèn)知控制可能包含沖突覺察和沖突控制兩個環(huán)節(jié)。。。5認(rèn)知控制的沖突監(jiān)測理論(monitoringh
3、ypothesis)認(rèn)知控制可能包括對沖突出現(xiàn)的監(jiān)測或覺察,和對沖突的控制兩個環(huán)節(jié)。這在邏輯上是合理的假設(shè),但通過行為數(shù)據(jù)不容易清楚的檢驗,因為僅有沖突覺察,而無沖突控制,在行為上將沒有RT的差異。也許認(rèn)知神經(jīng)方面的證據(jù)能夠提供更好的說明。。。EugeneHigginsProfessorofPsychologyDirector,CenterfortheStudyofBrain,MindandBehaviorDirector,PrograminNeurosciencePrincetonUniversityProfessorofPsychiatryUniversityofPittsburghC
4、ameronCarter,M.D.Director,UCDavisImagingResearchCenterProfessorofPsychiatryandPsychology6Stroop任務(wù)中的認(rèn)知控制:沖突監(jiān)測Inthebasemodel(showninblack),word-readingandcolor-namingpathwaysconvergeonaresponselayer,andtaskunitsbiasprocessingtowardsonepathwayortheother.Conflictintheresponselayerleadstoactivationofac
5、onflict-monitoringelement(blue),which,inturn,modulatesactivityofthetaskunits.Botvinicketal.,2004Conflictmonitoringandanteriorcingulatecortex:anupdate,Trendsincognitivescience7MatsumotoandTanaka,Science,2004MacLeodandMacDonald,Trendsincognitivescience,2000支持沖突覺察理論的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)研究證據(jù)ACC起著沖突出現(xiàn)覺察或監(jiān)測的作用dorsalant
6、eriorcingulatecortex(dACC)signalstheoccurrenceofconflictsininformationprocessing,therebytriggeringcompensatoryadjustmentsincognitivecontrol.8另一個理論:沖突調(diào)節(jié)理論(regulativehypothesis)接受認(rèn)知控制分為沖突出現(xiàn)的覺察和沖突控制的施行兩個環(huán)節(jié)。但認(rèn)為是PFC,而不是ACC,覺察著沖突的出現(xiàn);ACC或PFC都有可能控制著沖突。MichaelPosnerProfessor,DepartmentofPsychology,Institut
7、eofCognitiveandDecisionSciencesB.S.,1957,UniversityofWashingtonPh.D.,1962,UniversityofMichigan9支持調(diào)節(jié)理論的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)證據(jù)TheACCresponsesarelargerforneutralthanforcongruentstimuli,intheabsenceofresponseconflict.Thisresultdemon