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1、建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯Athermodynamicsystemisaregioninspaceoraquantityofmatterboundedbyaclosedsurface.Thesurroundingsincludeeverythingexternaltothesystem,andthesystemisseparatedfromthesurroundingsbythesystemboundaries.Theseboundariescanbemovableorfixed,realorimaginary.一個(gè)熱力學(xué)系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)在空間或有事項(xiàng)的數(shù)量由一個(gè)封閉的表面范圍內(nèi)的區(qū)域。周
2、圍環(huán)境包括一切外部系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)是從周圍環(huán)境隔開(kāi)的系統(tǒng)邊界。這些邊界可以是動(dòng)產(chǎn)或固定的,真實(shí)的或想象。Theconceptsthatoperateinanythermodynamicsystemareentropyandenergy.Entropymeasuresthemoleculardisorderofasystem.Themoremixedasystem,thegreateritsentropy;conversely,anorderlyorunmixedconfigurationisoneoflowentropy.Energyhasthecapacityforproducinganef
3、fectandcanbecategorizedintoeitherstoredortransientformsasdescribedinthefollowingsections.熵和能量的概念,在任何熱力學(xué)系統(tǒng)操作。熵措施分子系統(tǒng)紊亂。更為復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),其熵值越大,反之,有序或純配置是低熵之一。能源已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生效果的能力,并在下面的章節(jié)中所述,可以存儲(chǔ)或短暫形式分類。HeatQisthemechanismthattransfersenergyacrosstheboundariesofsystemswithdifferingtemperatures,alwaystowardthelowertem
4、perature.Heatispositivewhenenergyisaddedtothesystem.Workisthemechanismthattransfersenergyacrosstheboundariesofsystemswithdifferingpressures(orforceofanykind),alwaystowardthelowerpressure.Ifthetotaleffectproducedinthesystemcanbereducedtotheraisingofaweight,thennothingbutworkhascrossedtheboundary.W
5、orkispositivewhenenergyisremovedfromthesystem.熱量Q與不同的溫度,跨系統(tǒng)的邊界傳輸能量總是向溫度較低的機(jī)制。熱是積極的,當(dāng)能量被添加到系統(tǒng)中。功是指通過(guò)存在壓差(任一種力)的系統(tǒng)邊界傳遞能量的作用過(guò)程,總是指向低壓,如果系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生的總效果能被簡(jiǎn)化為一個(gè)重物的提升,那么只有功通過(guò)了邊界,當(dāng)能量從系統(tǒng)中一出時(shí),功是正的。Apropertyofasystemisanyobservablecharacteristicofthesystem.Thestateofasystemisdefinedbylistingitsproperties.Themost
6、commonthermodynamicpropertiesaretemperatureT,pressurep,andspecificvolumevordensityρ.Additionalthermodynamicpropertiesincludeentropy,storedformsofenergy,andenthalpy.Frequently,thermodynamicpropertiescombinetoformotherproperties.Enthalpyh,aresultofcombiningproperties,isdefinedas:h=u+pvwhereuisthein
7、ternalenergyperunitmass系統(tǒng)屬性是系統(tǒng)的任何觀察到的特征。系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)的定義是通過(guò)列出其屬性。最常見(jiàn)的熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)的溫度T,壓力P,和特定的體積V或密度ρ。其他熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)包括熵,能量?jī)?chǔ)存形式,和焓。通常情況下,熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)相結(jié)合,形成其他屬性。焓H,一個(gè)屬性相結(jié)合的結(jié)果,被定義為:H=U+PV其中u是每單位質(zhì)量的內(nèi)部能量Eachpropertyinagivenstatehasonlyonedefinitevalue,a