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1、EnvironmentalMicrobiology(2008)10(5),1357–1364doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01563.xGrowth,activityandtemperatureresponsesofammonia-oxidizingarchaeaandbacteriainsoilmicrocosmsMariaTourna,ThomasE.Freitag,GraemeW.NicolIntroductionandJamesI.Prosser*Molecular

2、techniqueshavedemonstratedthatArchaea,SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofAberdeen,traditionallyassociatedwithextremeenvironments,con-CruickshankBuilding,St.MacharDrive,AberdeenAB24stituteasigni?cantproportionofprokaryoticcellabun-3UU,UK.danceinnon-t

3、hermophilicenvironments.Inparticular,‘Group1’crenarchaea(DeLong,1998)representsigni?-Summarycantproportionsofprokaryotesinmarineplankton(e.g.Karneretal.,2001;Herndletal.,2005)and1%ofAmmoniaoxidation,asthe?rststepinthenitri?ca-soilprokaryotes(Sandaaetal

4、.,1999;Ochsenreiteretal.,tionprocess,playsacentralroleintheglobalcycling2003).Theabundanceofcrenarchaeaimpliestheirimpor-ofnitrogen.Althoughbacteriaaretraditionallycon-tanceinbiogeochemicalcyclesandecosystempro-sideredtoberesponsibleforammoniaoxidation,

5、acesses,whilethedifferentphysiologicalcharacteristicsofroleforarchaeahasbeensuggestedbydatafromarchaeaandbacteriaprovidethepotentialforsigni?cantmetagenomicstudiesandbytheisolationofamarine,differencesinprocesscharacteristicsandratesfromautotrophic,ammo

6、nia-oxidizing,non-thermophilicthoseofalreadycultivatedgroups.crenarchaeon.EvidenceforammoniaoxidationbyRecentmetagenomicstudies(Schleperetal.,2005;non-thermophiliccrenarchaeainmarineandterres-Treuschetal.,2005;Hallametal.,2006)havedemon-trialenvironment

7、sislargelybasedonabundanceofstratedco-occurrenceofcrenarchaeal16SrRNAgenesbacterialandarchaealammoniamonooxygenaseandgeneshomologoustothoseencodingbacterial(amo)genes,ratherthanactivity.Inthisstudy,weammoniamonooxygenase,AMO,akeyfunctionalhavedetermined

8、thein?uenceoftemperatureontheenzymeinammoniaoxidation,the?rststepinnitri?ca-responseofammonia-oxidizingbacteriaandarchaeation.CrenarchaealamoAgenesappeartobeubiqui-innitrifyingsoilmicrocosmsusingtwoapproaches,touslydistributedins