如何寫好主題句和擴(kuò)展句

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1、段落(設(shè)計(jì)好一個(gè)段落)一般說(shuō)來(lái),一個(gè)段落由三部分組成:主題句,擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)論句.主題句提出的論述的主題,擴(kuò)展句利用必要的細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)主題加以論證說(shuō)明,結(jié)論句總結(jié)全文,在論證的基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論.這三者是段落的必要成分,他們相輔相成,構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的段落.有些段落還有過(guò)渡句,它起到段與段之間的順利過(guò)渡.1.主題句1)主題句的位置:請(qǐng)找出段落的主題句Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousdiseasecancer,smokingcanalsocauseotherh

2、ealthproblems.Forexample,itgivesonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldortheterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?AlbertEinstein,oneoftheworld’sgreatestscientists,failedinhisuniversityentranceexamonhisfirstattempt.Wil

3、liamFaulkner,oneofAmerica’sfamouswriters,neverfinishedcollegebecausehecouldnotpasshisEnglishcourses.SirWinstonChurchill,whoisconsideredoneofthemastersoftheEnglishlanguage,wasverypoorinEnglishduringmiddleschool.Thesefewexamplesshowthatschooldoesnotalwayspredictfailureinlife.Karaok,whichwasinvente

4、dbyaJapanese,oneofthegreatestwondersofmoderntechnology.Needlesstosay,Karaokisagoodwayofrest.Youcanlearnanewsongeasily.It’salsoagoodwaytomakeyourfriendshappy.Nearlyeverybodyhasachancetobeasingingstar.However,everythinghastwosides,sodoesKaraok.It’snoisytoyourneighbors.Besides,ifyousingbadly,theywi

5、llfeeluncomfortable.Infact,youaresuretomakeasoundpollution2)寫好主題句,有兩條原則1.主題句要明確,句中須有一個(gè)詞,詞組,或從句讓讀者一目了然本段的確切主題,明確本段的重點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn).例如:Thisparagraphwilltalkaboutbirds.這句作為主題句就太籠統(tǒng),不確切.試比較以下幾句,下列幾個(gè)主題句就確切地闡明了段落的主題:a.Birdshaveagreatsenseofdirection.b.Petownersprefercertainspeciesofbirds.c.Inmyopinion,abirdmakes

6、abetterpetthanacatdoes.d.Birdsaresufferingfromair-pollution.2.主題句要概括,它陳述你要說(shuō)明的重點(diǎn)和觀點(diǎn),句中必須包含有可擴(kuò)展主題的詞,詞組或從句.他應(yīng)該是你將進(jìn)一步表明你的態(tài)度和看法的概括.同時(shí),主題句有利于控制作者本人的主題的擴(kuò)展.例如:TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistory.該主題句未能概括主題的要點(diǎn),則不利于下面的擴(kuò)展.最好增添一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)修改這個(gè)句子,以便順利地展開(kāi)你的主題.例如:a.TheyounggirleagerlystudiedChineseHistory.b.Theyoun

7、ggirlstudiedChineseHistoryunderafamoushistorian.c.TheyounggirlfoundthreereasonsforstudyingChineseHistory.2.下面各段沒(méi)有主題句,請(qǐng)根據(jù)全段內(nèi)容擬定一個(gè)主題句.1)_____________________________.Forexampleteacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbyselli