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1、作物學(xué)報ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2007,33(12):1982-1990http:www.chinacrops.orgzwxbISSN04963490;CODENTSHPA9Email:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cn隔溝交替灌溉對棉花生長、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的調(diào)控效應(yīng)11,*2233杜太生康紹忠王振昌王鋒楊秀英蘇興禮(1中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)中國農(nóng)業(yè)水問題研究中心,北京100083;2西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)旱區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水土工程教育部重點實驗室,陜西楊凌7
2、12100;3甘肅省武威市水利科學(xué)研究所,甘肅武威733000)摘要:為了探討旱區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)高效節(jié)水新途徑,于20042006年在甘肅石羊河流域干旱荒漠綠洲區(qū)田間,研究了常規(guī)溝灌、固定隔溝灌溉、隔溝交替灌溉對棉花生長、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的調(diào)控效應(yīng),結(jié)果表明,隔溝交替灌溉對棉花株高抑制作用較明顯,而對蕾鈴等生殖生長的影響較小,該技術(shù)能夠調(diào)整棉花營養(yǎng)生長與生殖生長的關(guān)系,有效控制作物生長冗余,調(diào)節(jié)光合產(chǎn)物在根冠間的比例和分配,優(yōu)化根冠比;可以在保持相同光合速率水平下大大降低葉片蒸騰損失,提高葉片水分利用效率,使霜前花
3、比例提高,產(chǎn)量水平的水分利用效率分別較常規(guī)溝灌和固定隔溝灌提高1722%和1859%。在西北旱區(qū)棉花上應(yīng)用隔溝交替灌溉技術(shù)具有較大的節(jié)水增產(chǎn)潛力。關(guān)鍵詞:隔溝交替灌溉;棉花;產(chǎn)量;水分利用效率ResponsesofCottonGrowth,Yield,andWaterUseEfficiencytoAlternateFurrowIrrigation11,*2233DUTaiSheng,KANGShaoZhong,WANGZhenChang,WANGFeng,YANGXiuYing,andSUXing
4、Li(1CenterforAgriculturalWaterResearchinChina,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100083;2KeyLaboratoryforAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineeringinAridandSemiaridAreasofMinistryofEducation,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling712100,Shaanxi;3WuweiInstituteofWaterCon
5、servancy,Wuwei,733000,Gansu,China)Abstract:Toexplorenewhighefficientwatersavingirrigationmethodsinaridareas,afieldexperimentwascarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectsofalternatefurrowirrigationinpartialrootzoneongrowth,yieldandwateruseefficiencyofcotton(Gossypi
6、umhirsutumL.)inanoasisregionofShiyangRiverBasin,Gansuprovincein20042006Plantingwithmulchingandinfurrowswasappliedwiththreepartialrootzoneirrigationmethods,i.e.conventionalfurrowirrigation(CFI,allfurrowswatered),fixedfurrowirrigation(FFI,fixedoneofeverytwo
7、furrowswatered),andalternatefurrowirrigation3-1(AFI,neighboringtwofurrowsalternativelywatered)underthreeirrigationlevels(225,300,450mhain2004;225,3-13-1300,375mhain2005;and240,360,480mhain2006)foreachmethodinthethreeyears.TheresultsindicatedthatAFIshortened
8、thecottonplantheight,hadnosignificanteffectonreproductivegrowthsuchasbudandboll,andmaintainedthebalancebetweenvegetativeandreproductivegrowthwithreducingredundantgrowth.Itregulatedthedistributionofphot
