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1、寫好段落的三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一、段落的統(tǒng)一性一個段落應(yīng)該只說明一個問題，或一個問題的某一方面；應(yīng)該只敘述一件事情，或一件事情的某一個階段。也就是說，一個段落內(nèi)的各個句子必須從屬于一個中心，任何游離于中心思想以外的句子都是不可取的。一個好的段落應(yīng)該具有統(tǒng)一性。統(tǒng)一性就是一個中心思想統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個段落。每個細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)支持主題句，不應(yīng)有無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。為了支持主題，要盡可能多地提供細(xì)節(jié)，但又要避免濫用細(xì)節(jié)。下圖是一個有統(tǒng)一性的段落的結(jié)構(gòu)圖。主題句(topicsentence）_______SupportingSentence1__________SupportingSentence2________________Sup
2、portingSentence3_____________________SupportingSentence4例文：Millionsofyearsago,AustraliawaslinkedtoAsiabyalandbridge.Thenanearthquakecausedthelandbridgetosink.Thesearushedin,andAustraliabecameanisland.Later,thisislandbecameaBritishcolony.Manyanimalsthatoncewanderedbackandforthacrossthelandbridgewerel
3、eftinAustralia.Andkangarooswereamongthem.Thoughtheywerekilledoffbylargeanimalsinotherplaces,theywereabouttosurviveinAustralia.這一段講的是遠(yuǎn)古時期的澳大利亞，當(dāng)時連人類都沒有，但然不必提它后來淪為英國的殖民地的事了。此句應(yīng)刪掉。二、段落的完整性一個段落的主題思想靠發(fā)展句來實現(xiàn)，如果只有主題句而沒有發(fā)展句來進(jìn)一步交待和充實，就不能構(gòu)成一個完整的段落。InmyEnglishstudy,Ihavemanydifficulties.Myfirstdifficultyisthat
4、myvocabularyisnotlarge.TheseconddifficultyIhaveisthatIcannotwritewell.Thethirddifficultyisthatmylisteningcomprehensionisnotgoodenough.NowIhaveaplantostudyEnglishwell.主題句：Ihavemanydifficulties.發(fā)展句：具體說明困難Myfirstdifficulty…;Theseconddifficulty…;Thethirddifficulty….結(jié)尾句：NowIhaveaplan…篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：分析：本段落看似完整，有頭有尾
5、。但由于缺少實質(zhì)內(nèi)容—即對學(xué)英語的困難的原因的分析，文章顯得空洞無物；此外，結(jié)尾句講到了plan,具體內(nèi)容有沒有交待，給人留下話好像沒說完的感覺。修改如下：InmyEnglishstudy,Ihavemanydifficulties.Thefollowingaresomeofthem.Myfirstdifficultyisthatmyvocabularyisnotlarge.Asaresult,Icannotreadfastandunderstandwell.AsIamcomingtomiddleage,itisnotsoeasytokeepmanynewwordsinmindquickly.
6、過渡句分析詞匯量小的害處進(jìn)一步分析問題的原因TheseconddifficultyIhaveisthatIcannotwritewell.AsIhavebeenverybusywithmyworkwhichreallydoesn’tneedanyforeignlanguage,IseldomhaveachancetowritesomethinginEnglish.Thethirddifficultyisthatmylisteningcomprehensionisnotgoodenough.ThisisbecauseIhadlittletraininginlisteningwhileIwasat
7、college.造成這一問題的原因造成這一問題的原因Togetoverthesedifficulties,Ihaveworkedoutaplan.IplantoreadoneortwopagesofEnglish,suchasChinaDaily,21stCenturyEnglishorsomeeasynovels,inordertomemorizethewordsontheonehandandk
