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1、UrbanStudies,Vol.34,No.10,1667±1691,1997SustainableCitiesorCitiesthatContributetoSustainableDevelopment?DavidSatterthwaite[Paperreceivedin?nalform,April1997]Summary.Thispaperoutlinesaframeworkforassessingtheenvironmentalperformanceofcitiesinregardtothemeetingofsustainab
2、ledevelopmentgoals.Italsoconsidershowtheenvironmentalgoals?twiththesocial,economicandpoliticalgoalsofsustainabledevelopmentandthekindsofnationalframeworkandinternationalcontextneededtoencouragecity-basedconsumers,enterprisesandgovernmentstoprogresstowardstheirachievemen
3、t.Ina?nalsection,itconsiderstheextenttowhichtherecommendationsoftheHabitatIIConferencehelpedtoencouragenationalgovernmentsandcityandmunicipalauthoritiesinthisdirection.IntroductionThepasttenyearshavebroughtexamplesoflemsDforexample,CuritibainBrazilconsiderableinnovation
4、amongcityandmu-(Rabinovitch,1992)andIloinPeru(D??azetnicipalauthoritiesinmostpartsoftheworldal.,1996)Dwhileinmanycitiesinallre-inregardtosustainabledevelopment.InEu-gionsoftheworld,therehasbeenconsider-ropeandNorthAmerica,manycitieshaveableinnovationbycityauthoritiesinp
5、utinplacelong-termprogrammestoim-addressingenvironmentalproblems.Thereisprovetheirenvironment,reduceresourceusealsoaworldwidemovementof`Healthycit-andreducewaste(Mega,1996a;UNCHS,ies’inwhichlocalauthoritiesinmorethan1996;EuropeanCommission,1994).A1000citieshavesoughtnew
6、waystoworkgrowingnumberofcitieshavelocalauthori-withthemanydifferentactorsandintereststieswhohavecommittedthemselvestosus-withintheirboundariesinthepromotionoftainabledevelopmentgoalsDasinthehealthandpreventionofdisease(WHO,EuropeanCampaignofSustainableCities1996).andTo
7、wnsDandhaveshownagreaterwill-Thediscussionofsustainabledevelopmentingnesstoshareknowledgeandexperiencesinregardtocitieshasalsogainedgreaterwithothercityauthorities(Mega,1996a;of?cialrecognition.Forinstance,thetermsUNCHS,1996).CertaincitiesinLatin`sustainablecities’and`s
8、ustainablehumanAmericahavealsoputinplacelong-termsettlements’weremuchinevidenceatHabi-programmestoaddressenvir
