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1、美國(guó)專利和歐洲專利的差異(Differences?between?US?andEP)TheEuropeanPatentConvention(EPC)????歐洲專利公約(EPC)Currently,forICT-relatedinventionsthetwomostimportantareastoobtainpatentprotectionareprobablytheUnitedStatesandWest-Europeancountries.TwentyEuropeancountriesarecurrentlymembertotheEu
2、ropeanPatentConvention,anditispossibletoobtainpatentprotectioninthosecountriesthroughasingleprocedurebeforetheEuropeanPatentOffice.目前,與信息通訊技術(shù)相關(guān)的兩個(gè)最重要的領(lǐng)域的發(fā)明,其專利的保護(hù)一般都是通過進(jìn)入美國(guó)和西歐等國(guó)家獲取的。歐洲專利公約當(dāng)前加入了20個(gè)新成員國(guó),并使申請(qǐng)人在向歐洲專利局提交申請(qǐng)之前能夠通過某單一程序向所在成員國(guó)申請(qǐng)專利保護(hù)。Whilequiteafewaspectsofpatentl
3、awhavebeenharmonizedinternationally(notintheleastduetotreatieslikethePatentCooperationTreatyorTRIPS),therestillaremanyimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwosystems.Thisarticlediscussesseveralofthem.?雖然,專利法中有相當(dāng)幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)做了國(guó)際化的協(xié)調(diào)與統(tǒng)一(不完全與《專利合作條約》以及《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》相同),但美歐兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)間仍舊存在重要
4、的差異,本文就其差異做出以下幾點(diǎn)概括。Firsttofileversusfirsttoinvent先申請(qǐng)制VS先發(fā)明制Whentwopeopleapplyforapatentonthesameinvention,thefirstpersontohavefiledhisapplicationwillgetthepatent(assumingtheinventionispatentable,ofcourse).Thisholdsevenifthesecondpersondidinfactcomeupwiththeinventionfirst
5、.Theonlythingthatcountsisthefilingdate.?若兩名當(dāng)事人就同一個(gè)發(fā)明分別申請(qǐng)專利權(quán),那么率先提出申請(qǐng)者將獲得該專利權(quán)(假設(shè)該發(fā)明確認(rèn)是具有可專利性的)。由此認(rèn)為,盡管此項(xiàng)發(fā)明是由第二個(gè)申請(qǐng)人先提出的,但僅以提交申請(qǐng)的日期為準(zhǔn)。IntheUSA,aslightlydifferentapproachisused.Incaseoftwoapplicationsforthesameinvention(aso-calledinterference),adeterminationismadewhoinvented
6、itfirst.Thisusuallyinvolvesexamininglaboratorylogbooks,establishingdatesforprototypes,andsoon.Ifthepersonwhofiledlaterisfoundtohaveinventedearlier,hemaybeawardedthepatent.而美國(guó)則使用了稍微不同的方法。為了避免兩位申請(qǐng)人申請(qǐng)同一發(fā)明的專利(即所謂的干擾),于是由先發(fā)明制決定專利權(quán)的所屬人。依據(jù)通常包括:檢查實(shí)驗(yàn)室研發(fā)日記,專利原型的創(chuàng)建日期等。如果后申請(qǐng)人能證明是其先做
7、此發(fā)明的,也有獲得專利權(quán)的可能。Graceperiod寬限期Iftheinventionhasbecomepubliclyavailableinanywaybeforethepatentapplicationwasfiled,theapplicationwillberejected(Article54EPC)."Publiclyavailable"includessellingtheinvention,givingalectureaboutit,showingittoaninvestorwithoutanon-disclosureagr
8、eement(NDA),publishingitinamagazine,andsoon.Itdoesnotmakeadifferencewhetherthepersonmakingitpubliclyava