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1、5DistributedTransducersforActiveControlofVibration5.1IntroductionAnimportantelementofanypracticalcontrolsystemarethetransducersusedforimplementationofthecontrol.Sensorsareneededformeasurementswhichcanbeusedtoestimateimportantdisturbanceandsystemvariables.Actuatorsareusedtoapplycontrolsig
2、nalstothesysteminordertochangethesystemresponseintherequiredmanner.Ingeneralsensorsprovideinformationtothecontrollertodeterminetheperformanceofthecontrolsystemortoprovidecontrolsignalsrelatedtothesystemresponse.Thussensorsandactuatorsprovidethelinkbetweenthecontrollerandthephysicalsystem
3、tobecontrolledandtheirdesignandimplementationisofprimeimportance.Ingeneral,controltransducerscomeinthreemainforms;pointtransducers,arraysofpointtransducersorcontinuouslydistributedtransducers.Eachparticularformathasitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesandtheseareoutlinedinthischapter.Typesofactu
4、atorsrangefrompointforceactuators,electrostrictiveandpiezoelectricdistributedactuators,tothosebasedonthematerialsofshapememoryalloy(SMA)andmagnetostrictivesystems.Thechoiceofactuatorisdependentuponsystemrequirementssuchasrequiredcontrolauthority(amountofcontrolforce,moment,strainordispla
5、cement,etc.),powerconsumption,frequencyresponse,andphysicalconstraintssuchassizeandmountingrequirements,etc.Sensorsalsorangefromconventionaltransducerssuchasaccelerometers,straingaugesandproximitydetectorstothesystemsbasedonpiezoelectricmaterial,opticalfibresandshapememoryalloyaswellasad
6、vancednon-contactingsensorssuchaslaservibrometers.Choiceoftheparticularsensorconfigurationisdependentuponthesystemvariabletotheobserved,andtosomedegree,theformofsignalprocessingtobeused.Thefollowingsectionsareabriefdiscussionofthebasictheoryandissuesregardingtheimplementationofdistribute
7、dactuatorsandsensorscommonlyencounteredinactivevibrationcontrolsystems.ElectrodynamicshakerscanbereadilymodelledaspointforceinputsandtheresponseofstructurestothesetypesofforcingfunctionshavebeenoutlinedinChapters1and2.Formoreinformationonthesedevicesthereaderisreferredtot
