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1、一．選擇題二．名詞解釋（5個(gè)）1.AmericanTranscendentalismTranscendentalismwasagroupofnewideasinliterature,religion,culture,andphilosophythatemergedinNewEnglandintheearlytomiddle19thcentury.ItissometimescalledAmericanTranscendentalism.?EmphasizingspiritandtheOversoulasthemostimpo
2、rtantthingintheuniverseasareactionagainstNewtonianconceptoftheuniverse,thedirectionthatamechanized,capitalistAmericawastaking,andthepopulartendencytogetaheadinworldaffairstotheneglectofspiritualwelfare.?Stressingtheimportanceoftheindividualandindividual'scapabilit
3、yforself-regenerationandself-perfectionasareactionagainsttheCalvinistconceptofhumanbeingsandtheprocessofdehumanizationthatcameinthewakeofdevelopingcapitalism.?OfferingafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpres
4、ence,thegarmentoftheOversoul,exertingahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonthehumanmind.2.MetaphysicalpoetryAloosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestinmetaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem.Thelabel"metaphysical"wasgivenmuchlaterb
5、ySamuelJohnsoninhisLifeofCowley.Thesepoetsthemselvesdidnotformaschoolorstartamovement;mostofthemdidnotevenknoworreadeachother.3.ByronicHeroTheByronicheroisanidealisedbutflawedcharacterexemplifiedinthelifeandwritingsofLordByron,characterisedbyhisex-loverLadyCarolin
6、eLambasbeing"mad,badanddangeroustoknow".[1]TheByronicherofirstappearsinByron'ssemi-autobiographicalepicnarrativepoemChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812-18).4.Theprecursorofsocialistmovementvisualizinganewsocialorderbasedontheregenerationofmanandthevirtueoflove*5.Heroicc
7、oupletAheroiccoupletisatradtionalformforEnglishpoetry,commonlyusedfoepicandnarrativepoetry;itreferstopoemsconstructedfromasequenceofrhymingpairsofiambicpentamaterlines.Theryhmeisalwaysmasculine.UseoftheheroiccoupletwasfirstpioneeredbyGeofferyChaucer.英雄雙音句體指英詩的一種形式
8、，通常用于史詩和敘事詩。這樣的詩歌是由很多對(duì)押韻的抑揚(yáng)五步格詩行組成的。所壓的韻很陽剛。英雄雙音句體的使用首先由喬叟開創(chuàng)。（來自參考書）6.ThomasHardy’sfatalismanddeterminismHardyassertsthatinhis"pilgrimage"oflifehehasmet
