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1、MaterialsTodaydVolumexxx,Numberxxdxxxx2017RESEARCHAdvancesinneutronimagingRESEARCH:Review1,?1231NikolayKardjilov,IngoManke,RobinWoracek,AndréHilger,JohnBanhart1Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin,Hahn-Meitner-Platz1,14109Berlin,Germany2EuropeanSpallationSourceERIC,Tunav?gen24,22100Lund,Sweden3Tech
2、nischeUniversit?tBerlin,Hardenbergstra?e36,19623Berlin,GermanyImagingtechniquesbasedonneutronbeamsarerapidlydevelopingandhavebecomeversatilenon-destructiveanalyzingtoolsinmanyresearch?elds.Duetotheirintrinsicproperties,neutronsdifferstronglyfromelectrons,protonsorX-raysintermsoftheirint
3、eractionwithmatter:theypenetratedeeplyintomostcommonmetallicmaterialswhiletheyhaveahighsensitivitytolightelementssuchashydrogen,hydrogenoussubstances,orlithium.Thismakesneutronsperfectlysuitedprobesforresearchonmaterialsthatareusedforenergystorageandconversion,e.g.,batteries,hydrogensto
4、rage,fuelcells,etc.Moreover,theirwavepropertiescanbeexploitedtoperformdiffraction,phase-contrastanddark-?eldimagingexperiments.Theirmagneticmomentallowsforresolvingmagneticpropertiesinbulksamples.Thisreviewwillfocusonrecentapplicationsofneutronimagingtechniquesinbothmaterialsresearchand
5、fundamentalscienceillustratedbyexamplesselectedfromdifferentareas.Introductiontothegenerationanduseofrenewableenergy[14–21]–butalsoFreeneutronsinteractdifferentlywithmatterthanelectrons,examplesfrombiology[22–24],paleontology[25–29],andcul-protonsorX-rays,andhenceimagingtechniquesbasedo
6、nturalheritage[30–33]andspeci?cengineeringmaterials[34].neutronsarecomplementarytothosebasedonothertypesofImagingwithneutronsthereforenowbelongstotheimportantradiation.Neutronsarechargelessparticlesbuthaveamagneticnon-destructiveinvestigationmethods.moment[1].Theyareabsorbedonlyweaklyby
7、manycommonOneimportantcatalystforthefurtherimprovementofmetalsbutinteractstronglywithsomelightelements[2,3].neutronimagingtechniquesistherapidlyincreasingdemandTherefore,imagingwithneutronsallowsforthepenetrationoffornon-destructiveandnon-invasivein-situandin-operandothicklayer
