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1、班級(jí)英美文學(xué)學(xué)號(hào)2009020243姓名單楊帆學(xué)習(xí)單元6等級(jí)湖南師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院2010—2011學(xué)年第二學(xué)期美國歷史與文化課程論文題目theFunctionsofGovernment姓名單楊帆學(xué)號(hào)2009020243年級(jí)、班級(jí)2009級(jí)英美文學(xué)班專業(yè)英語班級(jí)英美文學(xué)學(xué)號(hào)2009020243姓名單楊帆學(xué)習(xí)單元6等級(jí)TheFunctionsofGovernmentAbstract:Thispaperconsistsofthreeparts.Inthefirstparts,thispapergivesusageneralintroduc
2、tionoftheoriginofgovernment.Inthesecondpart,theauthorfocusesontheconcretefunctionsofgovernment,mainlyincludingsecurity,serviceandregulation.Inthelastpart,theauthorturnstosomespecificformsofgovernmentinordertogiveusaclearpictureofgovernmentsoperation.Finally,thispapercom
3、estoaconclusionbothfromtheangleofgovernmentandtheangleofcitizen.Asweallknow,thefunctionsofgovernment,whichisthethingsthatagovernmentshoulddo,comprisesvariousaspects.However,whatthingsshouldgovernmentexactlydo?PerhapsIcannotgiveapreciseanswerrightaway.Aseverythingisunder
4、constantdevelopmentandevolution,governmentisalsonoexception.What’smore,differentcountriesmayhavedifferentviewsaboutgovernmentandundertakedifferentformsofgovernmentaccordingtotheirhistoricaltraditionandnationalcondition.Therefore,Ifeelitnecessarytofirstlytalkabouttheorig
5、inandnatureofgovernmentbeforeIelaborateonthefunctionsofgovernment.1.theoriginofgovernmentAsThomasPaine(1997:52)statedinCommonSense:班級(jí)英美文學(xué)學(xué)號(hào)2009020243姓名單楊帆學(xué)習(xí)單元6等級(jí)“Societyisproducedbyourwants,andgovernmentbyourwickedness;theformerpromotesourhappinesspositivelybyunitingour
6、affections,thelatternegativelybyrestrainingourvices.Theoneencouragesintercourse,theothercreatesdistinctions.Thefirstisapatron,thelastapunisher.”Asproblemsareposedwiththegrowingsociety,itisessentialforgovernmenttoenforceregulationsoastominimizethedamagecausedbyhumandefec
7、ts.Locke(2003:141)alsopointsout:"Menbeing,ashasbeensaid,bynatureallfree,equal,andindependent,noonecanbeputoutofthisestate,andsubjectedtothepoliticalpowerofanother,withouthisownconsent.Theonlywaywherebyanyonedivestshimselfofhisnaturalliberty,andputsonthebondsofcivilsocie
8、ty,isbyagreeingwithothermentojoinanduniteintoacommunity,fortheircomfortable,safe,andpeaceablelivingoneamongsta
