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1、外文題目：CarbonManagementinTourism–ASmartStrategyinResponsetoClimateChange出處：Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010作者：WolfgangStrasdasTheITB2009wasdominatedbytheglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisis.ComparedtotheITB2008,whenglobalwarmingwasamajorissue,onecouldalmostgettheimpressionth
2、atclimatechangeandresourceconservationwereproblemsofthepastandnolongerofinterest.Unfortunately,climatechangeisnotgoingaway.Inreality,theoppositeisthecase.Recentstudiesindicatethatthingshavegottenworsethanpredictedbymostscientists.TheArcticiswarmingupfasterthananticipated,
3、withtheGreenlandiceshieldbeingofparticularconcern.Asaconsequenceofthis,sealevelsarealsorisingfaster.Whilethefinancialcrisismaysoonbeover,theimpactsofclimatechangewillstaywithhumanityforthecenturiestocome(Stock2009).1Background:TheInterrelationshipBetweenTourismandClimateC
4、hangeWorldwide,tourismisresponsibleforabout5%ofenergy-relatedCO2emissions(UNWTO/UNEP2008).Whilethissharemayappeartoberelativelysmall,itbecomesmoresignificantwhencomparingitwithothersectorsorcountries.Roughly,tourism’sshareofCO2emissionsequalstheoneofthechemicalindustry.If
5、tourismwereacountry,itwouldrangein5thplaceaftertheUSA,China,RussiaandIndiaandwellaheadofmajorpolluterssuchasJapanandGermany(WRI2005).However,thisamountisunevenlydistributedamongtourismsubsystemsandtypesoftourism.75%ofoverallemissionsareattributedtotransportation,ofwhichai
6、rtransportaccountsfor40%andautomobiletrafficfor32%.Theshareofaccommodationis21%(ibid.;seeFigure1).Thismeansthatemissionsofaviation-dependentlong-haultourismaresubstantiallyhigherpertravelday.InGermany,forexample,domestictourismrepresentsonly1.6%ofnationalemissions(withatr
7、ansportationshareof62%),whileonintercontinentaltripstakenbyGermans,theirflightsaloneaccountforover90%oftheoveralltripemissions(UBA/?ko-Institut2002).2CarbonManagement:PrinciplesandStrategies“Carbonmanagement”canbedefinedasamanagementsystemthataimstoreduceacompany’sororgan
8、isation’sGHGemissionsasmuchaspossible,ideallytozero.Theuseoftheterm“carbon”inthiscaseisactuallyq
