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《2011雅思閱讀模擬試題精選(4)》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關內容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、2011雅思閱讀模擬試題精選 TheTriumphofUnreason A.Neoclassicaleconomicsisbuiltontheassumptionthathumansarerationalbeingswhohaveaclearideaoftheirbestinterestsandstrivetoextractmaximumbenefit(or“utility”，ineconomist-speak)fromanysituation.Neoclassicaleconomicsassumesthat
2、theprocessofdecision-makingisrational.Butthatcontradictsgrowingevidencethatdecision-makingdrawsontheemotions—evenwhenreasonisclearlyinvolved. B.Theroleofemotionsindecisionsmakesperfectsense.Forsituationsmetfrequentlyinthepast，suchasobtainingfoodandmates，andc
3、onfrontingorfleeingfromthreats，theneuralmechanismsrequiredtoweighuptheprosandconswillhavebeenhonedbyevolutiontoproduceanoptimaloutcome.Sinceemotionisthemechanismbywhichanimalsareproddedtowardssuchoutcomes，evolutionaryandeconomictheorypredictthesamepracticalco
4、nsequencesforutilityinthesecases.Butdoesthisstillapplywhentheancestralmachineryhastorespondtothestimuliofurbanmodernity? C.OneofthepeoplewhothinksthatitdoesnotisGeorgeLoewenstein，aneconomistatCarnegieMellonUniversity，inPittsburgh.Inparticular，hesuspectsthatm
5、odernshoppinghassubvertedthedecision-makingmachineryinawaythatencouragespeopletorunupdebt.Toprovethepointhehasteamedupwithtwopsychologists，BrianKnutsonofStanfordUniversityandDrazenPrelecoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology，tolookatwhathappensinthebrainwhen
6、itisdecidingwhattobuy. D.Inastudy，thethreeresearchersasked26volunteerstodecidewhethertobuyaseriesofproductssuchasaboxofchocolatesoraDVDofthetelevisionshowthatwereflashedonacomputerscreenoneafteranother.Ineachroundofthetask，theresearchersfirstpresentedtheprod
7、uctandthenitsprice，witheachsteplastingfourseconds.Inthefinalstage，whichalsolastedfourseconds，theyaskedthevolunteerstomakeuptheirminds.Whilethevolunteersweretakingpartintheexperiment，theresearchersscannedtheirbrainsusingatechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticresona
8、nceimaging(fMRI)。Thismeasuresbloodflowandoxygenconsumptioninthebrain，asanindicationofitsactivity. E.Theresearchersfoundthatdifferentpartsofthebrainwereinvolvedatdifferentstagesofthetest.
