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1、外文文獻資料收集：蘇州大學應用技術(shù)學院10電子1016405043虞瀟瀟ProgressinComputersPrestigeLeeturedeliveredtoIEE,Cambridge,on5February2004MauriceWilkesComputerLaboratoryUniversityofCeimbridgeThefirststoredprogramcomputersbegantoworkaround1950-Theonewebu訂tinCambridge,theEDSACwasfirstusedinthesummerof1949.
2、Theseearlyexperimentalcomputerswerebuiltbypeoplelikemyselfwithvaryingbackgrounds.Weallhadextensiveexperienceinclcctroniccnginceringandwereconfidentthatthatexpericnccwouldstandusingoodstcad.Thisprovedtrue,althoughweheldsomenewthingstolearn.Themostimportantofthesewasthattransien
3、tsmustbetreatedcorrectly;whatwouldcauseaharmlessflashonthescreenofatelevisionsetcouldleadtoaseriouserrorinacomputer.Asfarascomputingcircuitswereconcerned,wefoundourselveswithanembarassderichcss.Forexample,wecouldusevacuumtubediodesforgatesaswedidintheEDSACorpentodeswithcontrol
4、signailsonbothgrids,asystemwidelyusedelsewhere.Thissortofchoicepersistedandthetermfamiliesoflogiccameintouse.ThosewhohaveworkedinthecomputcrfieldwillrememberTTL,ECLemdCMOS.Ofthese,CMOShasnowbecomedominant.Inthoseearlyyears,theIEEwasstilldomineitedbypowerengineeringandwehadtofi
5、ghtanumberofmajorbattlesinordertogetradioenginccringalongwiththerapidlydevelopingsubjectofelectronics.dubbedintheIEElightcurrentelectricalengineering.properlyrecognisedasanactivityinitsownright.Irememberthatwehadsomedifficultyinorganisingaconfcrcnccbecausethepowerengineers'way
6、sofdoingthingswerenotourways.AminorsourceofirritationwasthatallIEEpublishedpeiperswereexpectedtostartwithalengthystatementofearlierpractice,somethingdifficulttodowhentherewasnoearlierpracticeconsolidationinthe1960sbythelate50sorearly1960s,theheroicpioneeringstagewasoverandthec
7、omputerfieldwasstartingupinrealearnest.Thenumberofcomputersintheworldhadincreasedandtheyweremuchmorereliablethantheveryearlyones.Tothoseyearswecanascribethefirststepsinhighlevellanguagesandthefirstoperatingsystems.Experimentaltime-sharingwasbeginning,andultimatelycomputergraph
8、icswastocomealong.Aboveall,transistorsbegantoreplacevacuumtub
