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1、EugeneA.Nida語(yǔ)言學(xué)家翻譯家翻譯理論家1.Hislife2.Histranslationtheory3.Hisworks4.Example◆borninOklahomaCity,onNovember11,1914◆graduatedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniain1936◆attendedCampWycliffe,whereBibletranslationtheorywastaught◆becameafoundingchartermemberofWycliffeBibleTranslators,asisterorganizationoftheSumm
2、erInstituteofLinguisticsLife◆In1939,becameinterimpastorofCalvaryChurchofSantaAna,California◆In1943,receivedhisPh.D.inLinguisticsfromtheUniversityofMichigan◆wasordainedasaBaptistminister◆1943,marriedAltheaLucilleSprague◆In1937,undertookstudiesattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,whereheobtainedaMast
3、er’sDegreeinNewTestamentGreekin1939.◆Intheearly1980s,retired,livedinMadrid,SpainandBrussels,Belgium.◆diedinMadridonAugust25,2011aged96.◆In1993,AltheaSpraguedied.In1997,marriedDr.MaríaElenaFernandez-MirandaTranslationtheory功能對(duì)等理論DynamicEquivalenceorFunctionalEquivalence所謂“功能對(duì)等”，就是說(shuō)翻譯時(shí)不求文字表面的死板對(duì)應(yīng)，而要
4、在兩種語(yǔ)言間達(dá)成功能上的對(duì)等。在這一理論中,他指出“翻譯是用最恰當(dāng)、自然和對(duì)等的語(yǔ)言從語(yǔ)義到文體再現(xiàn)源語(yǔ)的信息”(郭建中,2000,P65)。奈達(dá)有關(guān)翻譯的定義指明翻譯不僅是詞匯意義上的對(duì)等還包括語(yǔ)義、風(fēng)格和文體的對(duì)等,翻譯傳達(dá)的信息既有表層詞匯信息也有深層的文化信息。“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”中的對(duì)等包括四個(gè)方面:詞匯對(duì)等,2.句法對(duì)等,3.篇章對(duì)等,4.文體對(duì)等。在這四個(gè)方面中,奈達(dá)認(rèn)為“意義是最重要的,形式其次”(郭建中,2000,P67)。形式很可能掩藏源語(yǔ)的文化意義并阻礙文化交流。因此,根據(jù)奈達(dá)的理論,譯者應(yīng)以動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等的四個(gè)方面作為翻譯的原則準(zhǔn)確地在目的語(yǔ)中再現(xiàn)源語(yǔ)的文化內(nèi)涵。Nidathen
5、setsforththedifferencesintranslation,ashewouldaccountforit,withinthreebasicfactors:Thenatureofthemessage:insomemessagesthecontentisofprimaryconsideration,andinotherstheformmustbegivenahigherpriority.Thetypeofaudience:prospectiveaudiencesdifferbothindecodingabilityandinpotentialinterest.(3)Thepurpo
6、seoftheauthorandofthetranslator:togiveinformationonbothformandcontent;toaimatfullintelligibilityofthereadersohe/shemayunderstandthefullimplicationsofthemessage;forimperativepurposesthataimatnotjustunderstandingthetranslationbutalsoatensuringnomisunderstandingofthetranslation.Works■TheBibleTranslat
7、or-(JournalfoundedandeditedbyDr.Nida(retired),1949-)■Morphology:TheDescriptiveAnalysisofWords-(Univ.ofMichiganPress,1949)■MessageandMission-(Harper,1960)■Customs,CultureandChristianity–(TyndalePress,1963)■Towarda
