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1、摘要運(yùn)用逐步回歸法分析影響中國(guó)稅收收入增長(zhǎng)的主要原因,分析中央和地方稅收收入增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)量規(guī)律,預(yù)測(cè)中國(guó)稅收未來(lái)的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。給出1978年到2007年全國(guó)稅收收入,運(yùn)用SAS軟件計(jì)算相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)并分析檢測(cè),得出稅收收入與國(guó)內(nèi)綸產(chǎn)總值,財(cái)政支出和商品零售價(jià)格指數(shù)的關(guān)系。關(guān)鍵詞稅收收入多元回歸SAS軟件一、問(wèn)題提出與分析1、問(wèn)題的提出全國(guó)1978年到2007年全國(guó)稅收收入(億元)、國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(億元)、財(cái)政支岀(億元)、商品零售價(jià)格指數(shù)(%)實(shí)測(cè)值如下表所示,試對(duì)稅收收入與國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值,財(cái)政支出和商品零售價(jià)格指數(shù)的關(guān)系作多元回
2、歸分析。年份稅收收入(億元)國(guó)內(nèi)牛產(chǎn)總值(億元)財(cái)政支出(億元)商品零售價(jià)格指數(shù)(%)1978519.283624.11122.09100.71979537.824038.21281.791021980571.74517.81228.831061981629.894862.41138.41102.41982700.025294.71229.98101.91983775.595934.51409.52101.51984947.3571711701.02102.819852040.798964.42004.25108.
3、819862090.7310202.22204.9110619872140.3611962.52262.18107.319882390.4714928.32491.21118.519892727.416909.22823.78117.819902821.8618547.93083.59102.119912990.1721617.83386.62102.919923296.9126638.13742.2105.419934255.334634.44642.3113.219945126.8846759.45792.62
4、121.719956038.0458478.16823.72114.819966909.8267884.67937.55106.119978234.0474462.69233.56100.819989262.878345.210798.1897.4199910682.5882067.513187.6797200012581.5189468.115886.598.5200115301.3897314.818902.5899.2200217636.45104790.622053.1598.7200320017.3113
5、5822.824649.9599.9200424165.68159878.328486.89102.8200528778.54183217.433930.28100.8200634804.35211923.540422.73101200745621.97249529.949781.35103.82、多元線性回歸模型及參數(shù)的最小二乘估計(jì)2.1.多元線性回歸模型假定因變量Y與心心…線性相關(guān)?收集到的〃組數(shù)據(jù)(XOi“2,…%)('i,2,…,力滿足以下冋歸模型:兒=仇+陽(yáng)+???+£*(£?)=0,畑⑷=(r=1,2
6、,???,?)勺)=0(心力占2Y=???,0=■■卩■■■,£=*2■■■兒0,”%則冋歸模型(1)的矩陣形式為y=C0+&£血(0刊),并稱模型(2)或(3)為經(jīng)典多元線性回歸模型.2.2參數(shù)向量“的最小二乘估計(jì)2.2.1型(2)中,參數(shù)“的最小二乘估計(jì)量b=(bM,???b爲(wèi)使得誤差平方和!2(b)達(dá)到最小,即其中2。(0)=£芽=£[兀-(0°+0
7、兀1+???+0后“)]/=!1==(Y—C0)(Y-C0).2.2.2rank(C)=m+8、乘估計(jì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)性質(zhì)性質(zhì)1b是0的最小方差線性無(wú)偏估計(jì)量.性質(zhì)2bN“(0q2(C'C)「J.性質(zhì)3在£N”(O,d”)的假定下,b是一切無(wú)偏估計(jì)中方差最小的估計(jì).2.4,的估計(jì)通常取1n-m-作為/的估計(jì)量,是/的無(wú)偏估計(jì)量.二、模型建立SAS程序:dataa;inputyxl-x3cards;519.283624.11122.09100.7537.824038.21281.79102571.74517.81228.83106629.894862.41138.41102.4700.025294.71229.9810
9、1.9775.595934.51409.52101.5947.3571711701.02102.82040.798964.42004.25108.82090.7310202.22204.911062140.3611962.52262.18107.32390.4714928.32491.21118.52727.416909.22823.78117.82821.