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1、水污染防治WaterPollutionControl31*水體中硼的去除方法研究進(jìn)展1,21131楊躍傘鐘鷺斌吳仁香謝建達(dá)鄭煜銘(1.中國(guó)科學(xué)院城市環(huán)境研究所中科院城市污染物轉(zhuǎn)化重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,福建廈門361021;2.中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院,北京100190;3.廈門理工學(xué)院材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,福建廈門361024)摘要:硼是人體與動(dòng)、植物必需的一種微量元素。然而,當(dāng)水中硼濃度超過(guò)最大允許值,將對(duì)人體和部分動(dòng)、植物產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。硼獨(dú)特的物化性質(zhì)導(dǎo)致常規(guī)水處理方法對(duì)硼的去除效果較差。論述了各種水處理除硼方法,包括化學(xué)沉淀、吸附、離子
2、交換、液液萃取、納濾、反滲透、正滲透、膜蒸餾、組合工藝和其他方法;分析了各種除硼方法的分離過(guò)程、影響因素和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等;展望了水處理除硼方法發(fā)展趨勢(shì),認(rèn)為開發(fā)出能在中性pH條件下快速高效除硼的膜,以及具有高硼吸附量、易再生和回收硼的特效硼吸附劑是除硼水處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。關(guān)鍵詞:離子交換;膜分離;硼;滲析;吸附DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.201609008REVIEWONREMOVALMETHODSOFBORONFROMWATER1,21131YANGYue-san,ZHONGLu-bin,WURen-xiang,XIEJian-d
3、a,ZHENGYu-ming(1.KeyLaboratoryofUrbanPollutantConversion,InstituteofUrbanEnvironment,ChineseAcademyofScience,Xiamen361021,China;2.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100190,China;3.SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,XiamenUniver
4、sityofTechnology,Xiamen361024,China)Abstract:Boronisanessentialmicronutrientforhumansandplants.Ontheotherhand,itmaycausenegativeeffectsforhumansandsomeplantswhenitsconcentrationexceedsthepermissiblelimitsinwater.Uniquechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofboronleadstothepoorremov
5、alefficiencyofboronthroughconventionalwatertreatmentmethods.Thepaperreviewsthereportedmethodsforboronremovalfromwater,includingchemicalprecipitation,adsorption,ionexchange,liquid-liquidextraction,nanofiltration,reverseosmosis,forwardosmosis,membranedistillation,combinedpro
6、cessandothermethods.Separationprocesses,effectfactors,advantages,disadvantagesandthedevelopmenttrendsofboronremovaltechnologiesareanalyzed.It’sexpectedthatmembraneswithhighlyefficientremovalofboronunderneutralpHcondition,andspecificresinswithhighboronuptakecapacityandeasyr
7、egenerationandrecoveryarethedirectionsofdevelopmentoftechnologiesforboronremovalfromaqueoussolution.Keywords:ionexchange;membraneseparation;boron;dialysis;adsorption社會(huì)高度發(fā)展,人們對(duì)飲水安全逐漸重視,考慮硼是動(dòng)植物必須的微量元素,但過(guò)量的硼會(huì)使動(dòng)到硼污染對(duì)動(dòng)植物及工業(yè)的危害,尤其對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類植物中毒,如植物硼中毒會(huì)減少根細(xì)胞的分裂、延遲發(fā)生殖系統(tǒng)存在的威脅,因此其水質(zhì)需達(dá)到國(guó)
8、家水體硼芽和根生長(zhǎng)、阻礙光合作用、木質(zhì)素和軟木脂沉積、葉[1]濃度的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn),故水中硼的去除在水處理領(lǐng)域仍具綠素減少等。其中,許多農(nóng)作物硼中毒表現(xiàn)為葉子有舉足輕重的地位。變黃、脫