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1、1、P30Anabstractservesanimportantfunctioninaresearchreport.Itcommunicatesthescopeofyourpaperandthetopicsdiscussedtoyourreader.Indoingso,itfacilitatesresearch.Abstractshelpscientiststolocatematerialsthatarerelevanttotheirresearchfromamongpublishedpapers,andmanytimesscientistswillonlyreadap
2、aper'sabstractinordertodeterminewhetherthepaperwillberelevanttothem?Consideringyouraudienceandtheirneedswillhelpyoutodeterminewhatshouldbeincludedinyourabstract.摘要在一份研究報(bào)告中發(fā)揮著重要作用。它把你論文的范圍和討論的主題傳達(dá)給讀者。這樣做有利于研究。摘要幫助科學(xué)家從發(fā)表的論文屮找到與他們研究相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料，科學(xué)家常常只閱讀一篇論文的摘要從而決定此論文是否與他們的研究有關(guān)?？紤]到你的讀者和他們的需求會將幫助你
3、決定摘要該包含什么。2、P34Aninformativeabstractactsasareportinminiature,encapsulatingthewholepaper.Itsummarizesthekeyinformationfromeverymajorsectioninthebodyofthereport,andprovidesthekeyfactsandconclusionsfromthebodyofthereport.Agoodwaytodevelopaninformativeabstractistodevoteasentenceortwotoeachof
4、themajorpartsofthereport.Ifspacepermits,youcanprovidecontextualinformationsuchasbackgroundoftheproblemandthesignificanceoftheresearch,butyoucanalsoomitcontextualinformationbecausetheabstractisnotsupposedtoserveasanintroductiontothesubjectmatterofthereport——yourintroductionwillservethatro
5、le.Youshould,however,includekeynumericalfactstomaketheinformativeabstractbriefandreaderswillnotbesuiprisedtoseekeydatainaninformativeabstract.信息性摘要作為微型報(bào)告，概括整篇論文。它總結(jié)了報(bào)告主體各個(gè)主要部分的關(guān)鍵信息，并且提供了報(bào)告主體的關(guān)鍵事實(shí)和結(jié)論。寫信息摘要的一個(gè)很好的方法就是從報(bào)告的每一主要部分提煉一兩句話。如果篇幅允許，你可以提供給一些類上下文信息，如問題背景和研究的意義，但是你也可以省略這些信息，因?yàn)檎粦?yīng)作為文章
6、主要內(nèi)容的介紹，而你的引言擔(dān)當(dāng)這一角色。你應(yīng)該無論如何要包含關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)從而使得信息摘要簡潔明了，并且讀者不會在信息摘要中看到關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)而驚訝。3、P35Anindicativeabstract(sometimescalleddescriptiveabstract)merelyincludesinformationaboutthepurpose,scopeandmethodsusedtoarriveatthefindingscontainedintheoriginaldocument.Thefunctionofindicativeabstractistohelpreaders
7、understandthegeneralnatureandscopeoftheresearcharticle.Anindicativeabstractindicatesthesubjectandmainfindingsofthepaperbutitdoesnotgointoadetailedstep-by-stepaccountoftheprocessinvolved?Itisbriefandconcise,fromwhichreaderscandecide訐theyshouldcontinuetoreadtheentirepape匚Th
