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1、Weareabsurdlyaccustomedtothemiracleofafewwrittensignsbeingabletocontainimmortalimagery,involutionsofthought,newworldswithlivepeople,speaking,weeping,laughing.???Whatifweawakeoneday,allofus,andfindourselvesutterlyunabletoread?—VladimirNabokov,PaleFireJoseph-JulesDejerine^sDiscoveryOn
2、abeautifulParismorninginOctober1887,M匸C,awell-readretiredsalesmanandmusiclover,wascomfortablyensconcedinanarmchairreadingagoodbookwhenhesuddenlyfound,tohisdismay,thathecouldnolongerreadaword!Forseveraldayspreviously,hehadoccasionallyfeltweaknessornumbnessinhisrightarmorlegandtheoddm
3、ilddifficultyintalking.Thesebriefspellsofdiscomfort,however,hadonlybeenveryfleetingandhadnotworriedhimunduly.Nowtheproblemwasfarmoresevere:readingwasjustimpossible!Nonetheless,Mr.Ccouldstillspeak,recognizeobjectsandthepeoplearoundhim,andevenjotdownafewnotes.Itwashardtoimaginewhatcou
4、ldhaveprovokedthisfrustratingsituation.Convincedthatanewpairofeyeglasseswouldsolvehisproblem,Mr.Cconsultedthewell-knownophthalmologistEdmundLandolt.Unfortunately,Dr.LandoltquicklyrealizedthatMr.C'safflictionrequiredmorethanspectacles.Hesuspectedaneurologicalproblemanddecidedtoenlist
5、thehelpoftheeminentFrenchneurologistJoseph-JulesDejerineattheBicetreHospital.M匚C，sappointmenttookplaceonNovember15,1887.Afteraremarkablythoroughpsychologicalandanatomicalexamination,Dr.Dejerinewasabletomakeadiagnosisanddrawthefirstscientificconclusionsevermadeaboutthecerebralbasesof
6、reading?HetermedM匚C'simpairment"pureverbalblindness/9meaningaselectivelossofthevisualrecognitionofletterstrings.Thatsuchadiseaseexistedimpliedthepresenceinthebrainofacortical"visualcenterforletters”specializedinreading.Thefirsthintofbrainspecializationforreadinghadthusbeenscientific
7、allydemonstrated?Infact,whatDejerineandLandoltestablishedwasthattheirpatientnolongerrecognizedindividuallettersorawrittenword.Confrontedwithanarrayofletters,hethinksthathehaslosthismind,becauseheunderstandsthatthesignswhichhefailstorecognizearcletters,heinsiststhathecanseethemperfec
8、tlyandoutlinestheir
