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1、芃NewZealandisanislandcountryinthesouth-westernPacificOceancomprisingtwomainlandmasses(theNorthIslandandtheSouthIsland)andnumeroussmallerislands,mostnotablyStewartIslandandtheChathamIslands.TheindigenousMāorinameforNewZealandisAotearoa,commonlytranslatedaslandofthelongwhitecloud.TheRealmofNew
2、ZealandalsoincludesTokelau;theCookIslandsandNiue(self-governingbutinfreeassociation);andtheRossDependency,NewZealand'sterritorialclaiminAntarctica.芄新西蘭是由兩個主要的自轉(zhuǎn)（北島和南島）和許多較小的島嶼組成的西南太平洋島嶼國家最引人注目的是斯圖爾特島和查塔姆群島。新西蘭土著毛利人名稱是教徒，通常譯為長白云之鄉(xiāng)。新西蘭的領(lǐng)域還包括托克勞；庫克群島、紐埃(自由結(jié)盟的自治但）；和羅斯屬地，新西蘭的南極的領(lǐng)土主張。腿膈NewZealandi
3、sgeographicallyisolated,situatedabout2,000kilometres(1,200mi)southeastofAustraliaacrosstheTasmanSea.ItsclosestneighbourstothenortharethePacificislandsofNewCaledonia,FijiandTonga.Thecountry'ssharpmountainpeaksowemuchtotheearthquakesandvolcanicactivitycausedbytheclashingPacificandIndo-Australi
4、anPlates.Theclimateismildandtemperateandmostofthelandwasoriginallycoveredinforestsofpodocarp,kauriorsouthernbeech.DuringitslongisolationNewZealanddevelopedadistinctivefaunadominatedbybirds,anumberofwhichbecameextinctafterthearrivalofhumansandintroducedmammals.蒞新西蘭是地理上的孤立，位于約2000公里（1,200mi)東南
5、的澳大利亞跨塔斯曼海。其最接近的鄰國向北太平洋島嶼新喀里多尼亞、斐濟和湯加。該國的鋒利的山峰，歸功于地震和火山活動引起的矛盾沖突的太平洋和印度-澳大利亞板。氣候是溫和和溫帶和podocarp、貝殼或南部的山毛櫸林原本覆蓋著的大部分土地。在其長期隔絕，新西蘭開發(fā)獨特的動物以鳥類為主，其中若干絕種了人類抵達后和介紹哺乳動物。莂薈PolynesianssettledNewZealandin1250–1300ADandEuropeansfirstmadecontactin1642AD.In1840atreatywassignedbetweentheMāoriandBritish,mak
6、ingNewZealandacolonyofBritain.Thecolonybecameselfgoverningin1852andwasmadeaCommonwealthrealmin1947.Duringliberalreformsinthe1890sNewZealandbecamethefirstcountrytoextendvotingrightstowomenandtodevelopasystemofcompulsoryarbitrationbetweenunionsandemployers.ElizabethII,astheQueenofNewZealand,is
7、thecountry'sheadofstateandisrepresentedbyaGovernor-General.TheQueen'sroleislimitedandexecutivepoliticalpowerisexercisedbytheCabinet,ledbythePrimeMinister.NewZealandhasclosetieswithBritain,Australia,theUnitedStatesandseveralPacificIslandnations.袈原住民
