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1、摘要隨著人們對環(huán)境保護以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展認識的逐步深入,制造企業(yè)越來越重視廢I口產(chǎn)品的冋收再制造。這不僅僅出于企業(yè)迫于相關(guān)環(huán)保政策的壓力,更多地是因為企業(yè)知道利用回收來的產(chǎn)品在為企業(yè)贏得綠色環(huán)保聲譽的同時,還可以降低生產(chǎn)成本,增加企業(yè)利潤??紤]到逆向物流領(lǐng)域的性質(zhì),以及這樣一個事實:如果任何公司的冃的不是去管理銷售點收冋產(chǎn)品,而是將這些產(chǎn)品分配給客戶,那么逆向物流并不是這個公司的核心活動。因此,對任何一家公司而言,是否采取外包成為其最重要的決定之一。為了通過分析逆向物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點來設(shè)計特定的決策工具,本
2、文在最初的定性分析中對提出的逆向物流系統(tǒng)進行分類。對逆向物流活動的計劃、執(zhí)行、控制和優(yōu)化活動,或者將這些活動外包給笫三方逆向物流提供商的決定,將在很大程度上取決于公司正在實施的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的類型。同時基于市場對再生品和新產(chǎn)品的不同需求,利用馬爾可夫決策理論對具有隨機再制造零部件的再制造/制造系統(tǒng)集成庫存進行?研究,考慮再造零部件的單位成本、新零部件單位成本和固定成本及有缺貨賠償?shù)那闆r,給出了馬爾可夫決策過程,得到了隨機最優(yōu)控制策略,并用案例進行分析驗證。關(guān)鍵詞:逆向物流,外包,馬爾科夫決策模型,產(chǎn)品生命周期
3、AbstractAspeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopmentgraduallydeepen,manufacturersputemphasisuponrecyclingwasteproductsandremanufacturing.Itisnotonlybecausethecorporationsareforcedbytherelevantenvironmentalprotectionpolicies,but
4、alsotheyfindusingrecycledproductscanobtainthereputationofenvironmentalprotection,thereductionofcostsandtheimprovementofprofits.GiventhenatureoftheRLfield,oneofthemostimportantdecisionstobetakenbyanyfirmiseithertooutsourcesuchfunctionsornot.Thiscomesfro
5、mthefactthatRLdoesnotrepresentacoreactivityforafirm,giventhatthepurposeofanycompanyisnottomanagetheflowofproductstakenbackfromthesalepoint,butrathertodistributesuchproductstoitscustomers.TheRLsystemsclassificationthatisinitiallyproposedinthequalitative
6、analysisofthisdocument,isanattempttodevelopparticulardecision-makingtoolsaccordingtothecharacteristicsoftheRLnetworkunderanalysis.Theplanning,executing,controllingandoptimizingactivitiesperformedinaRLsystem,orthedecisiontooutsourcetheseactivitiestoa3PR
7、LP,willlargelydependonthetypeofnetworkthatthefirmisdealingwith.Consideringthedifferentdemandsofremanufacturedangnewproducts,theintergratinginventorysystemwithstochasticremanufacturedpartsisstudiedbyusingMarkowDecisionProcesses.Astochasticoptimalcontrol
8、strategyispresentedbasedontheunitcostofremanufacturedandnewparts,andfixedcostofnewparts,andbackordercosts.Illustrationisgiventhroughacasestudy.Keywords:ReverseLgistics,Outsourcing,MarkovDecisionModel,ProductLifeCycle目錄摘要IAbstractII目錄III